Borgward is surely an automobile manufacturer originally created by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen throughout Germany, ceased operations in the 1960s. The Borgward group developed four brands of vehicles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has since been revived by Carl Borgward's grand son, Christian Borgward, together with his lover Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Far east investment, and unveiled the firm's first new car throughout over 40 years, the BX7 at the particular 2015 International Motor Present.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business return to 1905 with the business in nearby Varel of the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the walls in Bremen itself of "Namag", maker of the Lloyd auto. These two businesses merged in 1914 to make the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economic situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and with the late 1920s faced individual bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator with the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented the opportunity greatly to expand the actual scope of his car business, and he took control than it.
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The first "automobile" Carl Borgward developed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of small three-wheeled van with 3 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success out there gap it filled. Traders with a small budget bought it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the director of Hansa Lloyd AG having been able to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Company. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had by now evolved into the however three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or perhaps 7 hp Goliath Master. Borgward turned his focus on the other businesses and also led the development in the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand new Hansa Borgward 2000 and also in 1939 the label was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was then the Borgward 2300that continued to be in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used many of the brand names from organizations he had acquired over time to found three individual companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the amount of steel allocated to his business at the same time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes nokia's would be run being a single entity, but in a business operated by way of man to whom delegation failed to come naturally the growth of legal entities nevertheless added unhelpful layers of complexity over the 1950s and encouraged a broadening with the range which finally proved financially unsustainable using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company presented the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of many top engineers at Borgward via 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's hottest model and remained in production for that life of the organization. In 1960 the Borgward P100 had been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a type of 1500 cc sports racers within the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these being a successful Formula Two power unit (that was also used by a few F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties within the German market such as air suspension and automatic transmission, the company had trouble competing available. While larger companies such as Opel and VW took good thing about economies of scale as well as kept their prices low to achieve market share, Borgward's cost structure was even higher than necessary for its dimensions, as it basically run as four tiny independent companies and never implemented such basic cost reduction strategies as combined development and parts sharing between your company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems at the same time. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced like a water-cooled boxer with front wheel drive, but plagued with problems such as water leakage and gearbox glitches. Lloyd lost money on the car even though it was more expensive as compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was forced into liquidation by collectors. Carl Borgward died with July 1963, still insisting the company have been technically solvent. This proved to be true inside the sense that after the actual creditors were paid fully, there was still some. 5 million Marks left over from the business.
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Accounts of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within the article that appeared throughout Germany's leading news publication, “Der Spiegel” on fourteen December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places similar Spiegel article was highlighted by means of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s front cover. It was strongly crucial of Carl Borgward's company approach, and included many on the arguments later advanced to go into detail or justify the firm's demise. The widest range connected with cars from any producer in Germany, produced by three right up until recently operationally autonomous organizations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) ended up being supporting a turnover involving only 650 million Represents, placing the overall sales value through the combined Borgward auto corporations only in fifth position among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence with an increasingly manic proliferation connected with new and modified versions featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovative developments ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") provided rise to components which many times did not work, broke down or dropped apart, resulting in massive payments for pre-delivery remediation and/or submit delivery warranty work that found their in the past to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article wasn't the only serious community criticism targeting Borgward presently: suddenly stridently negative (in the event that more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild magazine and in television reports. Critical media commentaries also appeared concerning large loans towards the Borgward Group provided with the local Landesbank.It is apparent that this business was confronting cash-flow difficulties right at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses including auto manufacturing use their expensive machines and tools most efficiently if they use them constantly from full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside 1950s/60s was more in season than today, with sales diminishing in Winter, then peaking in earlier summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars towards the end of 1960 was above usual, reflecting ambitious growth options, most obviously in respect of the usa market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that from the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered by the North American dealers inside 1960 (and from the 12, 000 delivered to these) 6, 000 might have being taken back following a slump in American demand. (Borgward was not the sole European auto maker hit by the North American slump popular for imported cars while in 1960. In the same season two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back in mid-Atlantic because the docks in Nyc were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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Towards the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the financial institution for a further just one million Marks of credit score, the loan to be backed by way of guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators decided to provide. However, following the flood regarding critical press comment the actual senators withdrew their guarantee. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge this company itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in the still hostile media, Borgward agreed to your senate’s terms on 4 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy in the business.The Bremen Senate furthermore insisted on appointing its very own nominee as chairman of the company’s supervisory board. The man they decided was Johannes Semler who reports generally describe like a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated directly into English, does less than full justice to the breadth of Semler’s vocation. He had studied regulation at university and worked initially being a lawyer. The scion of a leading Hamburg political family, in 1945 he experienced himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU party, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 and also 1953. Despite his Hamburg sources, Semler was by this time based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside Bavarian establishment that most likely included fellow CSU politician and also the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a top administrative position from the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because the representative of the Bremen senators to be able to chair the Borgward supervisory mother board would, in retrospect, contribute to the controversy that followed the Borgward individual bankruptcy.
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Upon 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of your supervisory board joined the directors in the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings to the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for the court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the organization to continue to trade while at the same time protecting the interests of creditors. [16] Two months later, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath companies were declared bankrupt, followed in November through the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have suggested that Semler, for reasons of their own, never had any goal of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to be able to survive.
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