Borgward is an automobile manufacturer originally created by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen inside Germany, ceased operations in the 1960s. The Borgward group produced four brands of cars and trucks: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has since been revived by Carl Borgward's grandson, Christian Borgward, together with his companion Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese investment, and unveiled the corporation's first new car throughout over 40 years, the BX7 at the actual 2015 International Motor Show.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business return to 1905 with the organization in nearby Varel from the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the foundation in Bremen itself associated with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car. These two businesses merged in 1914 to the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial crisis then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and from the late 1920s faced a bankruptcy proceeding. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator with the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a chance greatly to expand your scope of his automobile business, and he took control than it.
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The very first "automobile" Carl Borgward made was the 1924 Blitzkarren (turbo cart), a sort of little three-wheeled van with 3 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success on the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget ordered for delivery. The Reichspost ordered quite a few for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the overseer of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the oppertunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Corp. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had by now evolved into the nevertheless three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 as well as 7 hp Goliath Pioneer. Borgward turned his awareness of the other businesses along with led the development from the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand-new Hansa Borgward 2000 as well as in 1939 the title was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was and then the Borgward 2300that always been in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used many of the brand names from businesses he had acquired through the years to found three separate companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase how much steel allocated to his business each time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes nokia's would be run being a single entity, but in a business operated with a man to whom delegation wouldn't come naturally the expansion of legal entities even so added unhelpful layers of complexity over the 1950s and encouraged a broadening on the range which in the end proved financially unsustainable using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company shown the Borgward Hansa 1500.Among the top engineers at Borgward from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella commenced in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most in-demand model and remained in production to the life of the firm. In 1960 the Borgward P100 was introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a line of 1500 cc sports racers inside the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these transforming into a successful Formula Two power unit (that has been also used by some F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties in the German market such while air suspension and automated transmission, the company had trouble competing in the marketplace. While larger companies similar to Opel and VW took advantage of economies of scale in addition to kept their prices low to get market share, Borgward's cost structure was even higher than necessary for its measurement, as it basically handled as four tiny independent companies and do not implemented such basic cost reduction strategies as mutual development and parts sharing between the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems likewise. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced to be a water-cooled boxer with entrance wheel drive, but plagued with problems including water leakage and gearbox mistakes. Lloyd lost money on the car just about the most was more expensive as compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was compelled into liquidation by creditors. Carl Borgward died within July 1963, still insisting the company ended up technically solvent. This proved to be true from the sense that after this creditors were paid 100 %, there was still 5. 5 million Marks remaining from the business.
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Studies of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in the article that appeared within Germany's leading news newspaper, “Der Spiegel” on 18 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places similar Spiegel article was highlighted by way of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s the front cover. It was strongly crucial of Carl Borgward's business approach, and included many with the arguments later advanced to describe or justify the company's demise. The widest range involving cars from any maker in Germany, produced by three until finally recently operationally autonomous firms (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) seemed to be supporting a turnover of only 650 million Marks, placing the overall sales value on the combined Borgward auto firms only in fifth situation among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence when using increasingly manic proliferation of new and modified types featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovative developments ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") offered rise to components which excessively did not work, broke down or dropped apart, resulting in massive charges for pre-delivery remediation and/or write-up delivery warranty work that found their long ago to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article has not been the only serious public criticism targeting Borgward presently: suddenly stridently negative (in the event more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild classifieds and in television reviews. Critical media commentaries furthermore appeared concerning large loans towards Borgward Group provided by the local Landesbank.It is apparent the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the conclusion of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for example auto manufacturing use their particular expensive machines and tools most efficiently as long as they use them constantly at full capacity, but the car market in Europe within the 1950s/60s was more periodic than today, with sales diminishing inside Winter, then peaking in the first summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars at the end of 1960 was above usual, reflecting ambitious growth programs, most obviously in respect of the usa market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that of the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered because of the North American dealers throughout 1960 (and on the 12, 000 delivered to them) 6, 000 might have to become taken back following a slump in North american demand. (Borgward was not the only real European auto maker hit by the North American slump popular for imported cars while in 1960. In the same season two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back in mid-Atlantic because the docks in Ny were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
Borgward BX7 rendered with front grilles from six other automakers
By the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lender for a further one particular million Marks of credit history, the loan to be backed by a guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators consented to provide. However, following the flood regarding critical press comment the actual senators withdrew their ensure. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the company itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in a very still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the actual senate’s terms on 5 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy on the business.The Bremen Senate also insisted on appointing its nominee as chairman from the company’s supervisory board. The man they select was Johannes Semler who reports generally describe like a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated into English, does less than full justice for the breadth of Semler’s career. He had studied law at university and worked initially being a lawyer. The scion of a leading Hamburg political family, in 1945 he experienced himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU gathering, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 and 1953. Despite his Hamburg beginning, Semler was by these times based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside Bavarian establishment that most likely included fellow CSU politician along with the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler within a top administrative position inside Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler since the representative of the Bremen senators to help chair the Borgward supervisory mother board would, in retrospect, contribute to the conflict that followed the Borgward individual bankruptcy.
Example of Borgward Isabella estate seen at Malvern Showground in 2005
Upon 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of your supervisory board joined the directors from the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings with the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for any court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the organization to continue to trade while as well protecting the interests associated with creditors. [16] Two months in the future, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath businesses were declared bankrupt, followed in November with the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” get suggested that Semler, for reasons of her own, never had any intention of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to survive.
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