Borgward is an automobile manufacturer originally created by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen within Germany, ceased operations in the particular 1960s. The Borgward group generated four brands of automobiles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has considering that been revived by Carl Borgward's grandson, Christian Borgward, together with his companion Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese investment, and unveiled the firm's first new car with over 40 years, the BX7 at the 2015 International Motor Present.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business return to 1905 with the business in nearby Varel of the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the foundation in Bremen itself of "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car or truck. These two businesses merged in 1914 to the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and with the late 1920s faced individual bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator on the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a chance greatly to expand the particular scope of his automotive business, and he took control of it.
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The very first "automobile" Carl Borgward created was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of very small three-wheeled van with 3 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success already in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget got it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the home of Hansa Lloyd AG having gotten to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Corp. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had right now evolved into the even now three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 as well as 7 hp Goliath Founder. Borgward turned his care about the other businesses and also led the development on the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the fresh Hansa Borgward 2000 along with in 1939 the name was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was as well as the Borgward 2300that stayed in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used some of the brand names from organizations he had acquired through the years to found three individual companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase how much steel allocated to his business at any given time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the lenders would be run as being a single entity, but in a business operated by a man to whom delegation failed to come naturally the spreading of legal entities on the other hand added unhelpful layers of complexity over the 1950s and encouraged a broadening of the range which finally proved financially unsustainable while using sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company shown the Borgward Hansa 1500.Among the top engineers at Borgward coming from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most favored model and remained in production to the life of the business. In 1960 the Borgward P100 seemed to be introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinct 1500 cc sports racers inside the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these transforming into a successful Formula Two power unit (that was also used by a few F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties within the German market such because air suspension and automated transmission, the company had trouble competing out there. While larger companies such as Opel and VW took benefit of economies of scale as well as kept their prices low to get market share, Borgward's cost structure was even higher than necessary for its sizing, as it basically managed as four tiny independent companies rather than implemented such basic price reduction strategies as articulation development and parts sharing involving the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems at the same time. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as a water-cooled boxer with top wheel drive, but plagued with problems for instance water leakage and gearbox glitches. Lloyd lost money on the car though it was more expensive in comparison with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was required into liquidation by collectors. Carl Borgward died throughout July 1963, still insisting the company were being technically solvent. This proved to be true inside sense that after the particular creditors were paid entirely, there was still 5. 5 million Marks remaining from the business.
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Reviews of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within an article that appeared throughout Germany's leading news publication, “Der Spiegel” on 15 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repetitive Spiegel article was highlighted by means of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s entrance cover. It was strongly essential of Carl Borgward's enterprise approach, and included many on the arguments later advanced to spellout or justify the firm's demise. The widest range involving cars from any manufacturer in Germany, produced by three until recently operationally autonomous organizations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) seemed to be supporting a turnover of only 650 million Scars, placing the overall sales value through the combined Borgward auto corporations only in fifth place among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence by using an increasingly manic proliferation of new and modified designs featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological improvements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") presented rise to components which too often did not work, broke down or dropped apart, resulting in massive expenses for pre-delivery remediation and/or post delivery warranty work that found their in the past to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article hasn't been the only serious community criticism targeting Borgward right now: suddenly stridently negative (if more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild newspaper and in television reviews. Critical media commentaries also appeared concerning large loans towards Borgward Group provided by the local Landesbank.It is apparent the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties right at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses such as auto manufacturing use his or her expensive machines and tools most efficiently whenever they use them constantly on full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside the 1950s/60s was more in season than today, with sales diminishing with Winter, then peaking in the early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars at the end of 1960 was more than usual, reflecting ambitious growth strategies, most obviously in respect of the united states market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that from the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered with the North American dealers inside 1960 (and with the 12, 000 delivered to these) 6, 000 might have for being taken back following a slump in North american demand. (Borgward was not the only European auto maker hit by way of North American slump successful for imported cars throughout 1960. In the same calendar year two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned last mid-Atlantic because the docks in Big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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Towards the end of December 1960 Borgward approached your banker for a further one particular million Marks of credit history, the loan to be backed by way of a guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators opted for provide. However, following the flood of critical press comment this senators withdrew their ensure. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge this company itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported inside a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the senate’s terms on several February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy in the business.The Bremen Senate in addition insisted on appointing its own nominee as chairman from the company’s supervisory board. The man they chose was Johannes Semler to whom reports generally describe like a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in to English, does less than full justice for the breadth of Semler’s career. He had studied legislation at university and worked initially to be a lawyer. The scion of a leading Hamburg political family, in 1945 he got himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU get together, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 and 1953. Despite his Hamburg beginning, Semler was by on this occasion based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside the Bavarian establishment that almost certainly included fellow CSU politician as well as the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in the top administrative position from the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because representative of the Bremen senators to chair the Borgward supervisory aboard would, in retrospect, contribute to the hot debate that followed the Borgward chapter 7.
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In 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the particular supervisory board joined the directors of the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings to the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for any court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business enterprise to continue to trade while while doing so protecting the interests connected with creditors. [16] Two months in the future, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath businesses were declared bankrupt, followed in November through the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” include suggested that Semler, for reasons of his own, never had any goal of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to survive.
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