Borgward is usually an automobile manufacturer originally founded by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen in Germany, ceased operations in the actual 1960s. The Borgward group made four brands of autos: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has since been revived by Carl Borgward's grandson, Christian Borgward, together with his lover Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Far east investment, and unveiled the business's first new car in over 40 years, the BX7 at the 2015 International Motor Display.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business return to 1905 with the institution in nearby Varel with the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the muse in Bremen itself associated with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car. These two businesses merged in 1914 to make the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economic situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and through the late 1920s faced personal bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator on the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented the possibility greatly to expand the particular scope of his automobile business, and he took control from it.
Vintage car Borgward Isabella Coupé of 1959, vintage car race
The first "automobile" Carl Borgward created was the 1924 Blitzkarren (lightning cart), a sort of tiny three-wheeled van with only two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget purchased for delivery. The Reichspost ordered most of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the overseer of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the oppertunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Corp. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had chances are evolved into the however three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or 7 hp Goliath Pioneer. Borgward turned his focus on the other businesses as well as led the development with the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand new Hansa Borgward 2000 as well as in 1939 the identify was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was and then the Borgward 2300that always been in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a number of the brand names from businesses he had acquired over time to found three independent companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase how much steel allocated to his business at the same time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the companies would be run being a single entity, but in a business operated with a man to whom delegation did not come naturally the proliferation of legal entities however added unhelpful layers of complexity with the 1950s and encouraged a broadening of the range which finally proved financially unsustainable using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company introduced the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of several top engineers at Borgward via 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella began in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most widely used model and remained in production for that life of the firm. In 1960 the Borgward P100 seemed to be introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a line of 1500 cc sports racers in the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these being a successful Formula Two power unit (which was also used by some F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside the German market such as air suspension and automated transmission, the company had trouble competing in the marketplace. While larger companies such as Opel and VW took good thing about economies of scale in addition to kept their prices low to realize market share, Borgward's cost structure was even beyond necessary for its sizing, as it basically controlled as four tiny independent companies rather than implemented such basic expense reduction strategies as articulation development and parts sharing between the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems likewise. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as being a water-cooled boxer with top wheel drive, but plagued with problems for example water leakage and gearbox secrets. Lloyd lost money on the car even though it was more expensive when compared with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was forced into liquidation by creditors. Carl Borgward died with July 1963, still insisting the company have been technically solvent. This proved to be true in the sense that after your creditors were paid fully, there was still 4. 5 million Marks left over from the business.
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Studies of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in an article that appeared with Germany's leading news mag, “Der Spiegel” on 18 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repetitive Spiegel article was highlighted by way of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s the front cover. It was strongly essential of Carl Borgward's small business approach, and included many of the arguments later advanced to spell out or justify the corporation's demise. The widest range involving cars from any manufacturer in Germany, produced by three until finally recently operationally autonomous businesses (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) seemed to be supporting a turnover involving only 650 million Signifies, placing the overall sales value from the combined Borgward auto businesses only in fifth situation among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence while on an increasingly manic proliferation involving new and modified designs featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovative developments ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") afforded rise to components which all too often did not work, broke down or fell apart, resulting in massive expenses for pre-delivery remediation and/or article delivery warranty work that found their sources that are to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article was not the only serious general public criticism targeting Borgward presently: suddenly stridently negative (in case more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild magazine and in television stories. Critical media commentaries in addition appeared concerning large loans to the Borgward Group provided from the local Landesbank.It is apparent that the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses like auto manufacturing use their own expensive machines and tools most efficiently if they use them constantly with full capacity, but the car market in Europe from the 1950s/60s was more seasons than today, with sales diminishing with Winter, then peaking in their early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars by the end of 1960 was more than usual, reflecting ambitious growth programs, most obviously in respect of the us market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that from the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered through the North American dealers in 1960 (and of the 12, 000 delivered to these people) 6, 000 might have to be taken back following a slump in North american demand. (Borgward was not the one European auto maker hit by way of North American slump popular for imported cars through 1960. In the same season two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned last mid-Atlantic because the docks in The big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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By the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the bank for a further one million Marks of credit, the loan to be backed by the guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators agreed to provide. However, following the flood involving critical press comment the actual senators withdrew their assurance. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge this company itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the particular senate’s terms on some February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy in the business.The Bremen Senate furthermore insisted on appointing a nominee as chairman from the company’s supervisory board. The man they chose was Johannes Semler with whom reports generally describe being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated directly into English, does less than full justice on the breadth of Semler’s job. He had studied legislations at university and worked initially as being a lawyer. The scion of a respected Hamburg political family, in 1945 he got himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU celebration, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 in addition to 1953. Despite his Hamburg origins, Semler was by this time around based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside Bavarian establishment that likely included fellow CSU politician and also the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler within a top administrative position from the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because representative of the Bremen senators in order to chair the Borgward supervisory board would, in retrospect, contribute to the debate that followed the Borgward a bankruptcy proceeding.
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With 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the supervisory board joined the directors on the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings to the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for the court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business to continue to trade while concurrently protecting the interests of creditors. [16] Two months later on, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath companies were declared bankrupt, followed in November through the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” include suggested that Semler, for reasons of his or her own, never had any goal of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to be able to survive.
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