Borgward can be an automobile manufacturer originally founded by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen throughout Germany, ceased operations in this 1960s. The Borgward group produced four brands of autos: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has since been revived by Carl Borgward's grand son, Christian Borgward, together with his partner Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from China investment, and unveiled the corporation's first new car in over 40 years, the BX7 at this 2015 International Motor Display.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business go back to 1905 with the organization in nearby Varel of the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the inspiration in Bremen itself associated with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car. These two businesses merged in 1914 to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial status then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and with the late 1920s faced personal bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator on the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented the opportunity greatly to expand the actual scope of his automobile business, and he took control from it.
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The first "automobile" Carl Borgward developed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (lightning cart), a sort of small three-wheeled van with 3 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success on the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget bought for delivery. The Reichspost ordered most of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the home of Hansa Lloyd AG having had time to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Corp. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had chances are evolved into the nevertheless three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or maybe 7 hp Goliath Founder. Borgward turned his attention to the other businesses along with led the development in the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the new Hansa Borgward 2000 in addition to in 1939 the label was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was then the Borgward 2300that continued to be in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used some of the brand names from businesses he had acquired through the years to found three individual companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase how much steel allocated to his business at any given time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the companies would be run being a single entity, but in a business operated by way of a man to whom delegation didn't come naturally the expansion of legal entities on the other hand added unhelpful layers of complexity throughout the 1950s and encouraged a broadening in the range which eventually proved financially unsustainable using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company displayed the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of many top engineers at Borgward coming from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella commenced in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most in-demand model and remained in production with the life of the firm. In 1960 the Borgward P100 seemed to be introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a line of 1500 cc sports racers inside late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these learning to be a successful Formula Two power unit (that was also used by many F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties within the German market such seeing that air suspension and computerized transmission, the company had trouble competing available. While larger companies such as Opel and VW took advantage of economies of scale along with kept their prices low to get market share, Borgward's cost structure was even higher than necessary for its size, as it basically operated as four tiny independent companies and don't implemented such basic price reduction strategies as mutual development and parts sharing between the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems also. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as a water-cooled boxer with entrance wheel drive, but plagued with problems like water leakage and gearbox glitches. Lloyd lost money on the car just about the most was more expensive compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was required into liquidation by credit card companies. Carl Borgward died throughout July 1963, still insisting the company have been technically solvent. This proved to be true inside the sense that after the creditors were paid in full, there was still 5. 5 million Marks left from the business.
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Studies of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in a article that appeared within Germany's leading news publication, “Der Spiegel” on 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repetitive Spiegel article was highlighted by using a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s top cover. It was strongly important of Carl Borgward's enterprise approach, and included many from the arguments later advanced to explain or justify the businesses demise. The widest range of cars from any company in Germany, produced by three until recently operationally autonomous organizations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) had been supporting a turnover connected with only 650 million Marks, placing the overall sales value in the combined Borgward auto businesses only in fifth place among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence while on an increasingly manic proliferation associated with new and modified products featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological enhancements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") provided rise to components which too much did not work, broke down or dropped apart, resulting in massive bills for pre-delivery remediation and/or post delivery warranty work that found their way back to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article had not been the only serious general public criticism targeting Borgward presently: suddenly stridently negative (if more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild classifieds and in television reviews. Critical media commentaries likewise appeared concerning large loans towards Borgward Group provided from the local Landesbank.It is apparent the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties by the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses including auto manufacturing use their particular expensive machines and tools most efficiently if they use them constantly on full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside 1950s/60s was more in season than today, with sales diminishing within Winter, then peaking in early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars at the end of 1960 was beyond usual, reflecting ambitious growth programs, most obviously in respect of north america market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that in the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered with the North American dealers with 1960 (and in the 12, 000 delivered to these individuals) 6, 000 might have to become taken back following a slump in North american demand. (Borgward was not the sole European auto maker hit by way of a North American slump widely used for imported cars in the course of 1960. In the same year two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned the government financial aid mid-Atlantic because the docks in The big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
BorgwardWorldMeeting an der Waterfront in Gröpelingen Bremen
By the end of December 1960 Borgward approached your banker for a further one million Marks of credit history, the loan to be backed by the guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators decided to provide. However, following the flood connected with critical press comment your senators withdrew their promise. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the corporation itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported inside a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the particular senate’s terms on four February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy on the business.The Bremen Senate likewise insisted on appointing a nominee as chairman with the company’s supervisory board. The man they decided was Johannes Semler with whom reports generally describe being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated into English, does less than full justice towards the breadth of Semler’s career. He had studied law at university and worked initially being a lawyer. The scion of a number one Hamburg political family, in 1945 he had himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU bash, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 in addition to 1953. Despite his Hamburg beginnings, Semler was by this time around based in Munich, with a network of contacts in the Bavarian establishment that probably included fellow CSU politician and also the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a top administrative position inside the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler for the reason that representative of the Bremen senators in order to chair the Borgward supervisory table would, in retrospect, contribute to the hot debate that followed the Borgward personal bankruptcy.
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Upon 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of your supervisory board joined the directors in the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for your establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business enterprise to continue to trade while concurrently protecting the interests involving creditors. [16] Two months afterwards, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath businesses were declared bankrupt, followed in November from the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” include suggested that Semler, for reasons of his or her own, never had any goal of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to be able to survive.
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