Borgward can be an automobile manufacturer originally started by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen with Germany, ceased operations in the particular 1960s. The Borgward group created four brands of vehicles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has given that been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his lover Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese language investment, and unveiled the company's first new car throughout over 40 years, the BX7 at the 2015 International Motor Display.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business return to 1905 with the organization in nearby Varel in the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the walls in Bremen itself connected with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd automobile. These two businesses merged in 1914 in order to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and with the late 1920s faced individual bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator on the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented the possibility greatly to expand your scope of his automobile business, and he took control of it.
The first "automobile" Carl Borgward made was the 1924 Blitzkarren (lightning cart), a sort of tiny three-wheeled van with 2 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success out there gap it filled. Traders with a small budget ordered for delivery. The Reichspost ordered some of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the representative of Hansa Lloyd AG having been able to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Corp. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had can't evolved into the nevertheless three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or even 7 hp Goliath Leader. Borgward turned his care about the other businesses along with led the development of the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the completely new Hansa Borgward 2000 and in 1939 the title was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was as well as the Borgward 2300that remained in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a number of the brand names from corporations he had acquired in the past to found three independent companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase how much steel allocated to his business at a time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the firms would be run being a single entity, but in a business operated by a man to whom delegation didn't come naturally the expansion of legal entities even so added unhelpful layers of complexity throughout the 1950s and encouraged a broadening on the range which in the long run proved financially unsustainable while using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company presented the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of several top engineers at Borgward from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella begun in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most widely used model and remained in production for the life of the business. In 1960 the Borgward P100 seemed to be introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinct 1500 cc sports racers within the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these becoming a successful Formula Two power unit (which has been also used by a number of F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside German market such since air suspension and computerized transmission, the company had trouble competing in the marketplace. While larger companies including Opel and VW took advantage of economies of scale in addition to kept their prices low to find market share, Borgward's cost structure was even more than necessary for its dimension, as it basically run as four tiny independent companies rather than implemented such basic price tag reduction strategies as joint development and parts sharing between the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems as well. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced being a water-cooled boxer with entrance wheel drive, but plagued with problems such as water leakage and gearbox errors. Lloyd lost money on the car even though it was more expensive as compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was forced into liquidation by collectors. Carl Borgward died throughout July 1963, still insisting the company had been technically solvent. This proved to be true in the sense that after this creditors were paid entirely, there was still four. 5 million Marks left from the business.
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Accounts of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in an article that appeared within Germany's leading news publication, “Der Spiegel” on 18 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places similar Spiegel article was highlighted by way of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s entry cover. It was strongly critical of Carl Borgward's business approach, and included many on the arguments later advanced to spell out or justify the company's demise. The widest range involving cars from any supplier in Germany, produced by three until recently operationally autonomous businesses (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) ended up being supporting a turnover involving only 650 million Grades, placing the overall sales value from your combined Borgward auto organizations only in fifth situation among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence on an increasingly manic proliferation connected with new and modified types featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovative developments ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") offered rise to components which many times did not work, broke down or droped apart, resulting in massive costs for pre-delivery remediation and/or article delivery warranty work that found their long ago to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article wasn't the only serious open public criticism targeting Borgward at this time: suddenly stridently negative (if more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild classifieds and in television reviews. Critical media commentaries also appeared concerning large loans towards Borgward Group provided from the local Landesbank.It is apparent which the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for example auto manufacturing use their particular expensive machines and tools most efficiently should they use them constantly from full capacity, but the car market in Europe from the 1950s/60s was more seasonal than today, with sales diminishing inside Winter, then peaking in the first summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars at the conclusion of 1960 was more than usual, reflecting ambitious growth programs, most obviously in respect of the united states market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that with the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered because of the North American dealers inside 1960 (and with the 12, 000 delivered to these individuals) 6, 000 might have for being taken back following a slump in United states demand. (Borgward was not the only European auto maker hit by a North American slump in demand for imported cars throughout 1960. In the same yr two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned in mid-Atlantic because the docks in Nyc were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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By the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the bank for a further just one million Marks of credit history, the loan to be backed by the guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators decided provide. However, following the flood connected with critical press comment this senators withdrew their promise. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the corporation itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in a very still hostile media, Borgward agreed to this senate’s terms on some February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy with the business.The Bremen Senate likewise insisted on appointing a unique nominee as chairman from the company’s supervisory board. The man they decided to go with was Johannes Semler whom reports generally describe like a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in English, does less than full justice towards the breadth of Semler’s profession. He had studied legislations at university and worked initially being a lawyer. The scion of a number one Hamburg political family, in 1945 he experienced himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU gathering, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 in addition to 1953. Despite his Hamburg roots, Semler was by these times based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside the Bavarian establishment that possibly included fellow CSU politician plus the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in the top administrative position within the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler since the representative of the Bremen senators to be able to chair the Borgward supervisory aboard would, in retrospect, contribute to the controversy that followed the Borgward chapter 7.
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On 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of this supervisory board joined the directors of the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings with the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business to continue to trade while at the same time protecting the interests of creditors. [16] Two months later, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath corporations were declared bankrupt, followed in November because of the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” possess suggested that Semler, for reasons of his or her own, never had any intention of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses for you to survive.
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