Borgward can be an automobile manufacturer originally started by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen inside Germany, ceased operations in the 1960s. The Borgward group made four brands of cars: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has since been revived by Carl Borgward's grand son, Christian Borgward, together with his lover Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from China investment, and unveiled the firm's first new car within over 40 years, the BX7 at your 2015 International Motor Demonstrate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back to 1905 with the business in nearby Varel with the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the muse in Bremen itself of "Namag", maker of the Lloyd auto. These two businesses merged in 1914 to the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economy then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and through the late 1920s faced chapter 7. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator of the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented the possibility greatly to expand the particular scope of his car business, and he took control of the usb ports.
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The very first "automobile" Carl Borgward made was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of very small three-wheeled van with 3 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success available in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget purchased for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the movie director of Hansa Lloyd AG having had time to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Corp. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had nowadays evolved into the even now three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or 7 hp Goliath Pioneer. Borgward turned his attention to the other businesses along with led the development of the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the fresh Hansa Borgward 2000 and in 1939 the name was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was and then the Borgward 2300that always been in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a number of the brand names from companies he had acquired through the years to found three independent companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quantity of steel allocated to his business at any given time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the businesses would be run like a single entity, but in a business operated by way of a man to whom delegation didn't come naturally the expansion of legal entities even so added unhelpful layers of complexity with the 1950s and encouraged a broadening from the range which ultimately proved financially unsustainable while using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company offered the Borgward Hansa 1500.On the list of top engineers at Borgward via 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started out in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's hottest model and remained in production for the life of the business. In 1960 the Borgward P100 was introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a line of 1500 cc sports racers in the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these to become successful Formula Two power unit (that was also used by a number of F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties within the German market such as air suspension and automated transmission, the company had trouble competing out there. While larger companies such as Opel and VW took good thing about economies of scale and kept their prices low to achieve market share, Borgward's cost structure was even higher than necessary for its measurement, as it basically managed as four tiny independent companies and do not implemented such basic price reduction strategies as articulation development and parts sharing between the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems at the same time. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as a water-cooled boxer with top wheel drive, but plagued with problems for instance water leakage and gearbox mistakes. Lloyd lost money on the car just about the most was more expensive than its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pushed into liquidation by collectors. Carl Borgward died within July 1963, still insisting the company have been technically solvent. This proved to be true inside sense that after the actual creditors were paid completely, there was still several. 5 million Marks remaining from the business.
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Reports of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within an article that appeared in Germany's leading news mag, “Der Spiegel” on 15 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places similar Spiegel article was highlighted through a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s entrance cover. It was strongly critical of Carl Borgward's enterprise approach, and included many from the arguments later advanced to describe or justify the firm's demise. The widest range associated with cars from any supplier in Germany, produced by three until recently operationally autonomous organizations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) was supporting a turnover associated with only 650 million Represents, placing the overall sales value in the combined Borgward auto businesses only in fifth placement among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence when using increasingly manic proliferation associated with new and modified types featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovations ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") gave rise to components which excessively did not work, broke down or dropped apart, resulting in massive charges for pre-delivery remediation and/or publish delivery warranty work that found their sources that are to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article hasn't been the only serious public criticism targeting Borgward at the moment: suddenly stridently negative (in the event that more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild magazine and in television reviews. Critical media commentaries furthermore appeared concerning large loans on the Borgward Group provided through the local Landesbank.It is apparent how the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties by the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for example auto manufacturing use their particular expensive machines and tools most efficiently as long as they use them constantly with full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside 1950s/60s was more temporary than today, with sales diminishing with Winter, then peaking in their early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars by the end of 1960 was beyond usual, reflecting ambitious growth strategies, most obviously in respect of north america market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that on the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered from the North American dealers within 1960 (and of the 12, 000 delivered to these people) 6, 000 might have being taken back following a slump in American demand. (Borgward was not the only real European auto maker hit by the North American slump successful for imported cars while in 1960. In the same season two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned the government financial aid mid-Atlantic because the docks in Nyc were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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Towards the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lender for a further one particular million Marks of credit rating, the loan to be backed with a guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators consented to provide. However, following the flood regarding critical press comment this senators withdrew their assure. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the business itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in a very still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the actual senate’s terms on 5 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy of the business.The Bremen Senate additionally insisted on appointing a unique nominee as chairman on the company’s supervisory board. The man they select was Johannes Semler which reports generally describe as being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated straight into English, does less than full justice to the breadth of Semler’s occupation. He had studied rules at university and worked initially being a lawyer. The scion of a leading Hamburg political family, in 1945 he got himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU gathering, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 and 1953. Despite his Hamburg beginning, Semler was by on this occasion based in Munich, with a network of contacts in the Bavarian establishment that probably included fellow CSU politician plus the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a very top administrative position within the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler since the representative of the Bremen senators to chair the Borgward supervisory panel would, in retrospect, contribute to the controversy that followed the Borgward bankruptcy.
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About 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the actual supervisory board joined the directors on the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for your establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for the court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling this company to continue to trade while at the same time protecting the interests regarding creditors. [16] Two months later, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath organizations were declared bankrupt, followed in November through the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have suggested that Semler, for reasons of his or her own, never had any purpose of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to be able to survive.
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