Borgward is surely an automobile manufacturer originally started by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen inside Germany, ceased operations in the 1960s. The Borgward group produced four brands of cars: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has due to the fact been revived by Carl Borgward's grandson, Christian Borgward, together with his associate Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Far east investment, and unveiled the businesses first new car in over 40 years, the BX7 at the particular 2015 International Motor Display.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back to 1905 with the place in nearby Varel on the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the muse in Bremen itself regarding "Namag", maker of the Lloyd vehicle. These two businesses merged in 1914 in order to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economy then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and by the late 1920s faced individual bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator from the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented the opportunity greatly to expand this scope of his automotive business, and he took control of it.
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The initial "automobile" Carl Borgward developed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (turbo cart), a sort of small three-wheeled van with only two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success out there gap it filled. Traders with a small budget bought it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the home of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the oppertunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had can't evolved into the even now three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or perhaps 7 hp Goliath Leading. Borgward turned his care about the other businesses in addition to led the development on the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand-new Hansa Borgward 2000 along with in 1939 the label was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was as well as the Borgward 2300that stayed in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used many of the brand names from companies he had acquired over time to found three different companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the amount of steel allocated to his business at any given time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes nokia's would be run to be a single entity, but in a business operated by a man to whom delegation failed to come naturally the proliferation of legal entities on the other hand added unhelpful layers of complexity through the 1950s and encouraged a broadening with the range which finally proved financially unsustainable with the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company introduced the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of many top engineers at Borgward via 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most widely used model and remained in production for the life of the corporation. In 1960 the Borgward P100 ended up being introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinct 1500 cc sports racers inside the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these transforming into a successful Formula Two power unit (which was also used by a number of F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside German market such since air suspension and automatic transmission, the company had trouble competing available on the market. While larger companies similar to Opel and VW took good thing about economies of scale as well as kept their prices low to realize market share, Borgward's cost structure was even above necessary for its sizing, as it basically run as four tiny independent companies and do not implemented such basic charge reduction strategies as mutual development and parts sharing relating to the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems at the same time. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as being a water-cooled boxer with front wheel drive, but plagued with problems such as water leakage and gearbox snags. Lloyd lost money on the car even though it was more expensive than its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was required into liquidation by creditors. Carl Borgward died within July 1963, still insisting the company have been technically solvent. This proved to be true inside the sense that after the particular creditors were paid 100 %, there was still 5. 5 million Marks remaining from the business.
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Stories of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within the article that appeared throughout Germany's leading news publication, “Der Spiegel” on 18 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places similar Spiegel article was highlighted with a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s entrance cover. It was strongly critical of Carl Borgward's enterprise approach, and included many with the arguments later advanced to explain or justify the firm's demise. The widest range involving cars from any supplier in Germany, produced by three until recently operationally autonomous companies (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) was supporting a turnover associated with only 650 million Grades, placing the overall sales value in the combined Borgward auto firms only in fifth placement among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence on an increasingly manic proliferation involving new and modified models featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological inventions ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") offered rise to components which too much did not work, broke down or chop down apart, resulting in massive charges for pre-delivery remediation and/or post delivery warranty work that found their way back to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article has not been the only serious open criticism targeting Borgward at this time: suddenly stridently negative (in case more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild paper and in television reports. Critical media commentaries likewise appeared concerning large loans for the Borgward Group provided by the local Landesbank.It is apparent that the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the conclusion of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for example auto manufacturing use their own expensive machines and tools most efficiently should they use them constantly from full capacity, but the car market in Europe in the 1950s/60s was more periodic than today, with sales diminishing throughout Winter, then peaking in the first summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars at the conclusion of 1960 was greater than usual, reflecting ambitious growth programs, most obviously in respect of the us market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that with the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered from the North American dealers with 1960 (and in the 12, 000 delivered to these individuals) 6, 000 might have to be taken back following a slump in North american demand. (Borgward was not the one European auto maker hit with a North American slump in demand for imported cars while in 1960. In the same calendar year two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned in mid-Atlantic because the docks in The big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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Right at the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lender for a further one million Marks of credit, the loan to be backed by way of guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators decided provide. However, following the flood involving critical press comment this senators withdrew their assurance. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the corporation itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported inside a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the senate’s terms on some February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy of the business.The Bremen Senate in addition insisted on appointing its nominee as chairman on the company’s supervisory board. The man they chose was Johannes Semler whom reports generally describe to be a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in to English, does less than full justice towards breadth of Semler’s job. He had studied legislation at university and worked initially as a lawyer. The scion of a number one Hamburg political family, in 1945 he acquired himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU gathering, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 along with 1953. Despite his Hamburg roots, Semler was by these times based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside Bavarian establishment that likely included fellow CSU politician as well as the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a very top administrative position within the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because representative of the Bremen senators for you to chair the Borgward supervisory mother board would, in retrospect, contribute to the conflict that followed the Borgward chapter 7.
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With 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the particular supervisory board joined the directors of the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for your establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business enterprise to continue to trade while at the same time protecting the interests associated with creditors. [16] Two months after, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath firms were declared bankrupt, followed in November because of the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have got suggested that Semler, for reasons of his own, never had any objective of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to survive.
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