Borgward is usually an automobile manufacturer originally created by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen in Germany, ceased operations in the particular 1960s. The Borgward group produced four brands of cars: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has given that been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his lover Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese language investment, and unveiled the businesses first new car throughout over 40 years, the BX7 at this 2015 International Motor Indicate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back to 1905 with the establishment in nearby Varel of the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the muse in Bremen itself involving "Namag", maker of the Lloyd vehicle. These two businesses merged in 1914 in order to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economy then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and with the late 1920s faced individual bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator in the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented the opportunity greatly to expand the scope of his auto business, and he took control of computer.
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The initial "automobile" Carl Borgward intended was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of very small three-wheeled van with a couple of hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget bought it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the movie director of Hansa Lloyd AG having had time to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Corp. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had chances are evolved into the nonetheless three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or 7 hp Goliath Pioneer. Borgward turned his awareness of the other businesses in addition to led the development of the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand new Hansa Borgward 2000 and in 1939 the identify was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was as well as the Borgward 2300that continued to be in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used some of the brand names from corporations he had acquired through the years to found three independent companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the amount of steel allocated to his business at any given time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes nokia's would be run to be a single entity, but in a business operated by way of man to whom delegation failed to come naturally the growth of legal entities nonetheless added unhelpful layers of complexity over the 1950s and encouraged a broadening in the range which in the end proved financially unsustainable while using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company displayed the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of several top engineers at Borgward from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started out in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most favored model and remained in production for that life of the company. In 1960 the Borgward P100 ended up being introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinct 1500 cc sports racers in the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these being a successful Formula Two power unit (which has been also used by a number of F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties from the German market such because air suspension and automated transmission, the company had trouble competing available on the market. While larger companies including Opel and VW took advantage of economies of scale and also kept their prices low to find market share, Borgward's cost structure was even above necessary for its dimensions, as it basically handled as four tiny independent companies and not implemented such basic expense reduction strategies as shared development and parts sharing involving the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems also. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as a water-cooled boxer with front wheel drive, but plagued with problems such as water leakage and gearbox glitches. Lloyd lost money on the car community . was more expensive when compared with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pressured into liquidation by creditors. Carl Borgward died in July 1963, still insisting the company have been technically solvent. This proved to be true from the sense that after the actual creditors were paid completely, there was still 5. 5 million Marks left from the business.
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Reviews of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in the article that appeared within Germany's leading news newspaper, “Der Spiegel” on 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repetitive Spiegel article was highlighted with a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s top cover. It was strongly critical of Carl Borgward's small business approach, and included many with the arguments later advanced to spellout or justify the business's demise. The widest range regarding cars from any producer in Germany, produced by three till recently operationally autonomous corporations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) had been supporting a turnover connected with only 650 million Marks, placing the overall sales value through the combined Borgward auto organizations only in fifth location among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence on an increasingly manic proliferation connected with new and modified products featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological inventions ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") presented rise to components which excessively did not work, broke down or chop down apart, resulting in massive bills for pre-delivery remediation and/or write-up delivery warranty work that found their made use of to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article wasn't the only serious general public criticism targeting Borgward presently: suddenly stridently negative (in the event more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild magazine and in television accounts. Critical media commentaries likewise appeared concerning large loans on the Borgward Group provided through the local Landesbank.It is apparent which the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the conclusion of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for example auto manufacturing use his or her expensive machines and tools most efficiently when they use them constantly at full capacity, but the car market in Europe in the 1950s/60s was more seasons than today, with sales diminishing with Winter, then peaking in the first summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars towards the end of 1960 was more than usual, reflecting ambitious growth strategies, most obviously in respect of the us market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that from the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered from the North American dealers with 1960 (and in the 12, 000 delivered to these individuals) 6, 000 might have to be taken back following a slump in United states demand. (Borgward was not the sole European auto maker hit by way of North American slump sought after for imported cars while in 1960. In the same calendar year two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back mid-Atlantic because the docks in Big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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Right at the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lender for a further one particular million Marks of credit history, the loan to be backed by way of guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators agreed to provide. However, following the flood regarding critical press comment the particular senators withdrew their assurance. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the organization itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the senate’s terms on some February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy in the business.The Bremen Senate in addition insisted on appointing a nominee as chairman on the company’s supervisory board. The man they chose was Johannes Semler which reports generally describe like a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in to English, does less than full justice for the breadth of Semler’s career. He had studied legislations at university and worked initially like a lawyer. The scion of a leading Hamburg political family, in 1945 he experienced himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU celebration, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 in addition to 1953. Despite his Hamburg roots, Semler was by these times based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside Bavarian establishment that most likely included fellow CSU politician along with the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler within a top administrative position in the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because representative of the Bremen senators for you to chair the Borgward supervisory board would, in retrospect, contribute to the hot debate that followed the Borgward bankruptcy.
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On 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of this supervisory board joined the directors from the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for that establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the company to continue to trade while while doing so protecting the interests connected with creditors. [16] Two months later, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath businesses were declared bankrupt, followed in November by the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” possess suggested that Semler, for reasons of their own, never had any intention of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to help survive.
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