Borgward is usually an automobile manufacturer originally founded by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen throughout Germany, ceased operations in the 1960s. The Borgward group generated four brands of vehicles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has considering that been revived by Carl Borgward's grandson, Christian Borgward, together with his spouse Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese language investment, and unveiled the firm's first new car throughout over 40 years, the BX7 at the 2015 International Motor Present.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business go back to 1905 with the organization in nearby Varel in the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the walls in Bremen itself involving "Namag", maker of the Lloyd automobile. These two businesses merged in 1914 to form the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial status then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and from the late 1920s faced personal bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator on the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a possibility greatly to expand the particular scope of his automobile business, and he took control of it.
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The first "automobile" Carl Borgward intended was the 1924 Blitzkarren (lightning cart), a sort of little three-wheeled van with 2 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget got it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the director of Hansa Lloyd AG having gotten to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had nowadays evolved into the however three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or even 7 hp Goliath Leading. Borgward turned his attention to the other businesses in addition to led the development with the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the new Hansa Borgward 2000 and in 1939 the label was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was then the Borgward 2300that always been in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used some of the brand names from corporations he had acquired over time to found three different companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the number of steel allocated to his business at a time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the firms would be run like a single entity, but in a business operated with a man to whom delegation failed to come naturally the spreading of legal entities nevertheless added unhelpful layers of complexity over the 1950s and encouraged a broadening with the range which in the long run proved financially unsustainable with the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company displayed the Borgward Hansa 1500.Among the top engineers at Borgward through 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started out in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most popular model and remained in production to the life of the company. In 1960 the Borgward P100 ended up being introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a type of 1500 cc sports racers inside late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these learning to be a successful Formula Two power unit (which was also used by a few F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties in the German market such since air suspension and computerized transmission, the company had trouble competing in the market. While larger companies just like Opel and VW took good thing about economies of scale and also kept their prices low to find market share, Borgward's cost structure was even higher than necessary for its sizing, as it basically handled as four tiny independent companies rather than implemented such basic cost reduction strategies as joint development and parts sharing between your company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems at the same time. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as a water-cooled boxer with entrance wheel drive, but plagued with problems like water leakage and gearbox errors. Lloyd lost money on the car community . was more expensive in comparison with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was forced into liquidation by creditors. Carl Borgward died within July 1963, still insisting the company have been technically solvent. This proved to be true inside sense that after this creditors were paid in full, there was still four. 5 million Marks left from the business.
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Accounts of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in a article that appeared throughout Germany's leading news journal, “Der Spiegel” on age 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repetitive Spiegel article was highlighted by using a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s top cover. It was strongly essential of Carl Borgward's enterprise approach, and included many in the arguments later advanced to describe or justify the business's demise. The widest range of cars from any company in Germany, produced by three until finally recently operationally autonomous companies (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) seemed to be supporting a turnover associated with only 650 million Signifies, placing the overall sales value on the combined Borgward auto businesses only in fifth position among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence when using increasingly manic proliferation associated with new and modified types featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological improvements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") presented rise to components which all too often did not work, broke down or droped apart, resulting in massive payments for pre-delivery remediation and/or write-up delivery warranty work that found their in the past to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article was not the only serious open public criticism targeting Borgward right now: suddenly stridently negative (in case more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild paper and in television accounts. Critical media commentaries in addition appeared concerning large loans towards the Borgward Group provided by the local Landesbank.It is apparent that this business was confronting cash-flow difficulties by the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses including auto manufacturing use their expensive machines and tools most efficiently as long as they use them constantly from full capacity, but the car market in Europe within the 1950s/60s was more periodic than today, with sales diminishing throughout Winter, then peaking in the early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars by the end of 1960 was beyond usual, reflecting ambitious growth strategies, most obviously in respect of the usa market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that with the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered from the North American dealers inside 1960 (and in the 12, 000 delivered to these) 6, 000 might have to become taken back following a slump in North american demand. (Borgward was not really the only European auto maker hit by way of a North American slump successful for imported cars while in 1960. In the same 12 months two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned in mid-Atlantic because the docks in Big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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At the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lender for a further just one million Marks of credit score, the loan to be backed by way of guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators agreed to provide. However, following the flood connected with critical press comment this senators withdrew their assurance. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the corporation itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in the still hostile media, Borgward agreed to this senate’s terms on 4 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy of the business.The Bremen Senate likewise insisted on appointing a nominee as chairman from the company’s supervisory board. The man they chose was Johannes Semler who reports generally describe like a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated straight into English, does less than full justice towards the breadth of Semler’s career. He had studied legislation at university and worked initially being a lawyer. The scion of a top Hamburg political family, in 1945 he received himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU get together, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 in addition to 1953. Despite his Hamburg roots, Semler was by now based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside the Bavarian establishment that probably included fellow CSU politician along with the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a very top administrative position from the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because representative of the Bremen senators for you to chair the Borgward supervisory table would, in retrospect, contribute to the hot debate that followed the Borgward individual bankruptcy.
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Upon 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the actual supervisory board joined the directors on the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for your establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for just a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the organization to continue to trade while at the same time protecting the interests associated with creditors. [16] Two months after, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath firms were declared bankrupt, followed in November through the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” possess suggested that Semler, for reasons of his very own, never had any purpose of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to be able to survive.
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