Borgward is an automobile manufacturer originally started by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen throughout Germany, ceased operations in the particular 1960s. The Borgward group developed four brands of vehicles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has considering that been revived by Carl Borgward's grandson, Christian Borgward, together with his associate Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from China investment, and unveiled the businesses first new car in over 40 years, the BX7 at the 2015 International Motor Show.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business go back to 1905 with the establishment in nearby Varel in the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the inspiration in Bremen itself associated with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car. These two businesses merged in 1914 in order to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and with the late 1920s faced personal bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator in the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a possibility greatly to expand the scope of his car business, and he took control from it.
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The first "automobile" Carl Borgward created was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of small three-wheeled van with two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success available in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget ordered for delivery. The Reichspost ordered most of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the overseer of Hansa Lloyd AG having had time to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had chances are evolved into the nonetheless three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 as well as 7 hp Goliath Founder. Borgward turned his care about the other businesses in addition to led the development of the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the completely new Hansa Borgward 2000 and in 1939 the identify was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was as well as the Borgward 2300that continued to be in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used some of the brand names from firms he had acquired over time to found three independent companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the amount of steel allocated to his business at the same time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes nokia's would be run to be a single entity, but in a business operated by way of a man to whom delegation would not come naturally the expansion of legal entities however added unhelpful layers of complexity through the 1950s and encouraged a broadening of the range which in the end proved financially unsustainable using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company presented the Borgward Hansa 1500.Among the top engineers at Borgward by 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella begun in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most favored model and remained in production for the life of the business. In 1960 the Borgward P100 was introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a brand of 1500 cc sports racers inside the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these becoming a successful Formula Two power unit (that has been also used by a number of F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside German market such because air suspension and automated transmission, the company had trouble competing available on the market. While larger companies similar to Opel and VW took benefit of economies of scale and kept their prices low to realize market share, Borgward's cost structure was even higher than necessary for its dimension, as it basically run as four tiny independent companies and not implemented such basic cost reduction strategies as articulation development and parts sharing between the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems at the same time. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced like a water-cooled boxer with entry wheel drive, but plagued with problems for instance water leakage and gearbox glitches. Lloyd lost money on the car though it was more expensive as compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pressured into liquidation by collectors. Carl Borgward died within July 1963, still insisting the company had been technically solvent. This proved to be true from the sense that after the particular creditors were paid in full, there was still 4. 5 million Marks left from the business.
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Reports of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in a article that appeared within Germany's leading news mag, “Der Spiegel” on fourteen December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places similar Spiegel article was highlighted by using a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s entry cover. It was strongly vital of Carl Borgward's small business approach, and included many on the arguments later advanced to go into detail or justify the businesses demise. The widest range regarding cars from any company in Germany, produced by three until eventually recently operationally autonomous corporations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) was supporting a turnover involving only 650 million Marks, placing the overall sales value through the combined Borgward auto organizations only in fifth placement among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence with an increasingly manic proliferation of new and modified products featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological inventions ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") afforded rise to components which too much did not work, broke down or chop down apart, resulting in massive payments for pre-delivery remediation and/or post delivery warranty work that found their way back to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article has not been the only serious public criticism targeting Borgward presently: suddenly stridently negative (in the event that more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild newspapers and in television studies. Critical media commentaries likewise appeared concerning large loans for the Borgward Group provided with the local Landesbank.It is apparent which the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for instance auto manufacturing use their particular expensive machines and tools most efficiently whenever they use them constantly on full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside 1950s/60s was more seasons than today, with sales diminishing throughout Winter, then peaking in the first summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars by the end of 1960 was greater than usual, reflecting ambitious growth options, most obviously in respect of the us market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that from the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered by the North American dealers with 1960 (and in the 12, 000 delivered to them) 6, 000 might have to be taken back following a slump in United states demand. (Borgward was not the only real European auto maker hit by way of a North American slump widely used for imported cars in the course of 1960. In the same year two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back in mid-Atlantic because the docks in Big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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At the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lender for a further just one million Marks of credit ratings, the loan to be backed with a guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators agreed to provide. However, following the flood involving critical press comment your senators withdrew their ensure. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the corporation itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in the still hostile media, Borgward agreed to this senate’s terms on 4 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy on the business.The Bremen Senate likewise insisted on appointing its very own nominee as chairman of the company’s supervisory board. The man they decided to go with was Johannes Semler who reports generally describe as a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in to English, does less than full justice towards breadth of Semler’s vocation. He had studied legislation at university and worked initially as being a lawyer. The scion of a top Hamburg political family, in 1945 he acquired himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU celebration, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 along with 1953. Despite his Hamburg sources, Semler was by these times based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside the Bavarian establishment that almost certainly included fellow CSU politician as well as the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a top administrative position from the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because representative of the Bremen senators in order to chair the Borgward supervisory table would, in retrospect, contribute to the debate that followed the Borgward individual bankruptcy.
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About 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the actual supervisory board joined the directors in the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings with the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided to get a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the organization to continue to trade while at the same time protecting the interests regarding creditors. [16] Two months in the future, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath firms were declared bankrupt, followed in November because of the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” get suggested that Semler, for reasons of his very own, never had any objective of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to be able to survive.
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