Borgward is definitely an automobile manufacturer originally founded by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen in Germany, ceased operations in your 1960s. The Borgward group developed four brands of automobiles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has since been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his companion Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Oriental investment, and unveiled the businesses first new car within over 40 years, the BX7 at the particular 2015 International Motor Demonstrate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back to 1905 with the place in nearby Varel of the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the walls in Bremen itself involving "Namag", maker of the Lloyd vehicle. These two businesses merged in 1914 to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial crisis then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and from the late 1920s faced individual bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator from the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a chance greatly to expand your scope of his automotive business, and he took control from it.
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The primary "automobile" Carl Borgward made was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of small three-wheeled van with only two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget bought it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered some of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the home of Hansa Lloyd AG having had time to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Company. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had chances are evolved into the even now three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or 7 hp Goliath Founder. Borgward turned his care about the other businesses and led the development on the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the fresh Hansa Borgward 2000 and also in 1939 the label was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was then the Borgward 2300that continued in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a number of the brand names from companies he had acquired through the years to found three distinct companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the amount of steel allocated to his business during a period of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the firms would be run as a single entity, but in a business operated by the man to whom delegation did not come naturally the proliferation of legal entities nonetheless added unhelpful layers of complexity over the 1950s and encouraged a broadening on the range which finally proved financially unsustainable with the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company shown the Borgward Hansa 1500.On the list of top engineers at Borgward through 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started out in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's hottest model and remained in production for the life of the firm. In 1960 the Borgward P100 ended up being introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a brand of 1500 cc sports racers inside the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these transforming into a successful Formula Two power unit (which has been also used by several F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties within the German market such as air suspension and automatic transmission, the company had trouble competing in the market. While larger companies like Opel and VW took advantage of economies of scale in addition to kept their prices low to gain market share, Borgward's cost structure was even higher than necessary for its measurement, as it basically run as four tiny independent companies and do not implemented such basic price tag reduction strategies as mutual development and parts sharing relating to the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems at the same time. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as a water-cooled boxer with front wheel drive, but plagued with problems including water leakage and gearbox mistakes. Lloyd lost money on the car just about the most was more expensive as compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was forced into liquidation by lenders. Carl Borgward died in July 1963, still insisting the company had been technically solvent. This proved to be true inside sense that after the particular creditors were paid fully, there was still several. 5 million Marks remaining from the business.
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Stories of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within the article that appeared within Germany's leading news newspaper, “Der Spiegel” on 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places recurring Spiegel article was highlighted by using a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s top cover. It was strongly essential of Carl Borgward's organization approach, and included many in the arguments later advanced to explain or justify the businesses demise. The widest range connected with cars from any producer in Germany, produced by three until recently operationally autonomous organizations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) ended up being supporting a turnover regarding only 650 million Represents, placing the overall sales value through the combined Borgward auto organizations only in fifth location among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence with an increasingly manic proliferation associated with new and modified versions featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological improvements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") presented rise to components which too much did not work, broke down or fell apart, resulting in massive payments for pre-delivery remediation and/or submit delivery warranty work that found their in the past to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article hasn't been the only serious community criticism targeting Borgward at this time: suddenly stridently negative (in case more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild paper and in television accounts. Critical media commentaries in addition appeared concerning large loans to the Borgward Group provided through the local Landesbank.It is apparent that the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for instance auto manufacturing use his or her expensive machines and tools most efficiently whenever they use them constantly from full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside the 1950s/60s was more temporary than today, with sales diminishing throughout Winter, then peaking in early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars towards the end of 1960 was beyond usual, reflecting ambitious growth programs, most obviously in respect of america market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that with the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered by the North American dealers with 1960 (and on the 12, 000 delivered to all of them) 6, 000 might have to be taken back following a slump in North american demand. (Borgward was not the one European auto maker hit by a North American slump popular for imported cars while in 1960. In the same season two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back mid-Atlantic because the docks in The big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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At the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lender for a further a single million Marks of credit score, the loan to be backed by the guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators decided to provide. However, following the flood associated with critical press comment the particular senators withdrew their promise. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the corporation itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported inside a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to your senate’s terms on 4 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy from the business.The Bremen Senate furthermore insisted on appointing a unique nominee as chairman in the company’s supervisory board. The man they select was Johannes Semler whom reports generally describe to be a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated straight into English, does less than full justice for the breadth of Semler’s profession. He had studied regulation at university and worked initially as a lawyer. The scion of a respected Hamburg political family, in 1945 he had himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU party, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 and 1953. Despite his Hamburg origins, Semler was by now based in Munich, with a network of contacts within the Bavarian establishment that almost certainly included fellow CSU politician plus the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler inside a top administrative position inside the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler as the representative of the Bremen senators in order to chair the Borgward supervisory aboard would, in retrospect, contribute to the controversy that followed the Borgward a bankruptcy proceeding.
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With 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of this supervisory board joined the directors from the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings with the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for just a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business to continue to trade while simultaneously protecting the interests of creditors. [16] Two months after, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath firms were declared bankrupt, followed in November from the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” possess suggested that Semler, for reasons of his own, never had any goal of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to survive.
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