Borgward is surely an automobile manufacturer originally created by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen inside Germany, ceased operations in the actual 1960s. The Borgward group produced four brands of vehicles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has since been revived by Carl Borgward's grandson, Christian Borgward, together with his companion Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese investment, and unveiled the businesses first new car within over 40 years, the BX7 at your 2015 International Motor Present.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business go back to 1905 with the establishment in nearby Varel from the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the building blocks in Bremen itself regarding "Namag", maker of the Lloyd vehicle. These two businesses merged in 1914 to make the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial status then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and with the late 1920s faced chapter 7. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator from the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented the opportunity greatly to expand this scope of his automotive business, and he took control from it.
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The initial "automobile" Carl Borgward designed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (lightning cart), a sort of very small three-wheeled van with only two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success on the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget ordered for delivery. The Reichspost ordered most of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the director of Hansa Lloyd AG having been able to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Company. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had chances are evolved into the nevertheless three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or 7 hp Goliath Leading. Borgward turned his attention to the other businesses and also led the development from the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the fresh Hansa Borgward 2000 and in 1939 the name was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was accompanied by the Borgward 2300that stayed in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a number of the brand names from businesses he had acquired over the years to found three separate companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the number of steel allocated to his business at any given time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the companies would be run like a single entity, but in a business operated with a man to whom delegation did not come naturally the expansion of legal entities on the other hand added unhelpful layers of complexity through the 1950s and encouraged a broadening on the range which ultimately proved financially unsustainable with the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company offered the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of many top engineers at Borgward from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started out in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most favored model and remained in production for the life of the company. In 1960 the Borgward P100 has been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a brand of 1500 cc sports racers inside late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these transforming into a successful Formula Two power unit (that is also used by some F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties within the German market such seeing that air suspension and computerized transmission, the company had trouble competing available. While larger companies like Opel and VW took benefit from economies of scale and also kept their prices low to realize market share, Borgward's cost structure was even higher than necessary for its dimension, as it basically managed as four tiny independent companies and never implemented such basic cost reduction strategies as shared development and parts sharing between company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems as well. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced being a water-cooled boxer with entry wheel drive, but plagued with problems for example water leakage and gearbox secrets. Lloyd lost money on the car although it was more expensive compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was forced into liquidation by collectors. Carl Borgward died within July 1963, still insisting the company ended up technically solvent. This proved to be true inside sense that after the actual creditors were paid 100 %, there was still 5. 5 million Marks left from the business.
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Stories of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in a article that appeared throughout Germany's leading news mag, “Der Spiegel” on 15 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeated Spiegel article was highlighted by using a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s the front cover. It was strongly critical of Carl Borgward's company approach, and included many in the arguments later advanced to explain or justify the businesses demise. The widest range connected with cars from any producer in Germany, produced by three until finally recently operationally autonomous firms (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) had been supporting a turnover regarding only 650 million Marks, placing the overall sales value from your combined Borgward auto firms only in fifth placement among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence while on an increasingly manic proliferation regarding new and modified models featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovative developments ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") provided rise to components which many times did not work, broke down or fell into apart, resulting in massive payments for pre-delivery remediation and/or article delivery warranty work that found their long ago to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article was not the only serious community criticism targeting Borgward right now: suddenly stridently negative (if more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild paper and in television reviews. Critical media commentaries likewise appeared concerning large loans towards the Borgward Group provided through the local Landesbank.It is apparent how the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties right at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for example auto manufacturing use their particular expensive machines and tools most efficiently should they use them constantly from full capacity, but the car market in Europe within the 1950s/60s was more temporary than today, with sales diminishing with Winter, then peaking in the first summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars towards the end of 1960 was beyond usual, reflecting ambitious growth strategies, most obviously in respect of the usa market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that from the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered because of the North American dealers throughout 1960 (and on the 12, 000 delivered to these people) 6, 000 might have for being taken back following a slump in North american demand. (Borgward was not really the only European auto maker hit by way of a North American slump sought after for imported cars while in 1960. In the same season two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back mid-Atlantic because the docks in New york were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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At the conclusion of December 1960 Borgward approached the lending company for a further just one million Marks of credit history, the loan to be backed with a guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators decided provide. However, following the flood involving critical press comment the senators withdrew their assure. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the corporation itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in the still hostile media, Borgward agreed to your senate’s terms on four February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy of the business.The Bremen Senate additionally insisted on appointing its very own nominee as chairman from the company’s supervisory board. The man they chose was Johannes Semler which reports generally describe as a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in English, does less than full justice on the breadth of Semler’s vocation. He had studied legislation at university and worked initially as being a lawyer. The scion of a top Hamburg political family, in 1945 he got himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU bash, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 as well as 1953. Despite his Hamburg beginning, Semler was by these times based in Munich, with a network of contacts in the Bavarian establishment that possibly included fellow CSU politician along with the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a very top administrative position inside the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because the representative of the Bremen senators in order to chair the Borgward supervisory board would, in retrospect, contribute to the conflict that followed the Borgward individual bankruptcy.
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About 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of this supervisory board joined the directors from the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings with the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided to get a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business enterprise to continue to trade while while doing so protecting the interests involving creditors. [16] Two months after, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath firms were declared bankrupt, followed in November through the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” include suggested that Semler, for reasons of his or her own, never had any objective of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to survive.
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