Borgward is definitely an automobile manufacturer originally created by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen throughout Germany, ceased operations in the particular 1960s. The Borgward group developed four brands of automobiles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has due to the fact been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his lover Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Far east investment, and unveiled the firm's first new car with over 40 years, the BX7 at the particular 2015 International Motor Present.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business go back to 1905 with the establishment in nearby Varel in the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the inspiration in Bremen itself of "Namag", maker of the Lloyd automobile. These two businesses merged in 1914 to form the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economic situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and with the late 1920s faced chapter 7. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator with the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a chance greatly to expand the particular scope of his car business, and he took control from it.
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The very first "automobile" Carl Borgward designed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of teeny three-wheeled van with a couple of hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success out there gap it filled. Traders with a small budget bought for delivery. The Reichspost ordered some of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the home of Hansa Lloyd AG having been able to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had by now evolved into the however three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or perhaps 7 hp Goliath Pioneer. Borgward turned his awareness of the other businesses along with led the development with the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the completely new Hansa Borgward 2000 and in 1939 the identify was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was then the Borgward 2300that continued to be in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used some of the brand names from corporations he had acquired over time to found three different companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quantity of steel allocated to his business during a period of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the companies would be run as being a single entity, but in a business operated with a man to whom delegation would not come naturally the growth of legal entities even so added unhelpful layers of complexity with the 1950s and encouraged a broadening from the range which in the end proved financially unsustainable while using sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company shown the Borgward Hansa 1500.On the list of top engineers at Borgward via 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella began in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most favored model and remained in production for the life of the company. In 1960 the Borgward P100 had been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinctive line of 1500 cc sports racers in the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these transforming into a successful Formula Two power unit (which was also used by a number of F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside German market such seeing that air suspension and computerized transmission, the company had trouble competing out there. While larger companies similar to Opel and VW took advantage of economies of scale and kept their prices low to gain market share, Borgward's cost structure was even greater than necessary for its sizing, as it basically controlled as four tiny independent companies and not implemented such basic cost reduction strategies as mutual development and parts sharing relating to the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems too. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as being a water-cooled boxer with top wheel drive, but plagued with problems for example water leakage and gearbox secrets. Lloyd lost money on the car even though it was more expensive in comparison with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pushed into liquidation by loan companies. Carl Borgward died in July 1963, still insisting the company had been technically solvent. This proved to be true in the sense that after the particular creditors were paid fully, there was still several. 5 million Marks left from the business.
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Stories of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in the article that appeared within Germany's leading news journal, “Der Spiegel” on 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places recurring Spiegel article was highlighted with a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s entry cover. It was strongly essential of Carl Borgward's company approach, and included many from the arguments later advanced to go into detail or justify the corporation's demise. The widest range associated with cars from any supplier in Germany, produced by three right up until recently operationally autonomous corporations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) ended up being supporting a turnover involving only 650 million Grades, placing the overall sales value from your combined Borgward auto businesses only in fifth situation among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence when using increasingly manic proliferation involving new and modified versions featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological improvements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") provided rise to components which excessively did not work, broke down or droped apart, resulting in massive bills for pre-delivery remediation and/or article delivery warranty work that found their sources that are to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article had not been the only serious public criticism targeting Borgward at the moment: suddenly stridently negative (in the event more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild magazine and in television reports. Critical media commentaries furthermore appeared concerning large loans to the Borgward Group provided because of the local Landesbank.It is apparent the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties right at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses including auto manufacturing use their own expensive machines and tools most efficiently whenever they use them constantly with full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside 1950s/60s was more periodic than today, with sales diminishing throughout Winter, then peaking in the first summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars at the end of 1960 was beyond usual, reflecting ambitious growth strategies, most obviously in respect of north america market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that from the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered by the North American dealers with 1960 (and in the 12, 000 delivered to these individuals) 6, 000 might have for being taken back following a slump in Us demand. (Borgward was not the sole European auto maker hit with a North American slump successful for imported cars through 1960. In the same year two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back mid-Atlantic because the docks in Big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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At the end of December 1960 Borgward approached your banker for a further 1 million Marks of credit score, the loan to be backed by a guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators decided provide. However, following the flood associated with critical press comment the actual senators withdrew their promise. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the company itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the particular senate’s terms on some February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy from the business.The Bremen Senate additionally insisted on appointing a unique nominee as chairman with the company’s supervisory board. The man they chose was Johannes Semler who reports generally describe being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated into English, does less than full justice for the breadth of Semler’s job. He had studied legislation at university and worked initially like a lawyer. The scion of a number one Hamburg political family, in 1945 he acquired himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU party, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 along with 1953. Despite his Hamburg beginning, Semler was by on this occasion based in Munich, with a network of contacts within the Bavarian establishment that probably included fellow CSU politician as well as the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in the top administrative position from the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler for the reason that representative of the Bremen senators to help chair the Borgward supervisory table would, in retrospect, contribute to the conflict that followed the Borgward individual bankruptcy.
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Upon 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the actual supervisory board joined the directors from the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for that establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for any court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling this company to continue to trade while concurrently protecting the interests connected with creditors. [16] Two months afterwards, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath businesses were declared bankrupt, followed in November from the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have got suggested that Semler, for reasons of his own, never had any objective of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to survive.
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