Borgward is an automobile manufacturer originally started by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen with Germany, ceased operations in the 1960s. The Borgward group produced four brands of autos: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has due to the fact been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his partner Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese investment, and unveiled the company's first new car throughout over 40 years, the BX7 at the actual 2015 International Motor Present.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back on 1905 with the place in nearby Varel in the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the inspiration in Bremen itself involving "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car. These two businesses merged in 1914 to form the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and with the late 1920s faced bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator on the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented the possibility greatly to expand the scope of his automotive business, and he took control of it.
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The initial "automobile" Carl Borgward developed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (turbo cart), a sort of very small three-wheeled van with only two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success out there gap it filled. Traders with a small budget bought it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the home of Hansa Lloyd AG having had time to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had nowadays evolved into the nevertheless three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 as well as 7 hp Goliath Leader. Borgward turned his awareness of the other businesses and led the development with the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the fresh Hansa Borgward 2000 and in 1939 the title was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was and then the Borgward 2300that always been in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a few of the brand names from businesses he had acquired over the years to found three distinct companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the number of steel allocated to his business during a period of austerity and rationing. For many purposes nokia's would be run as a single entity, but in a business operated by the man to whom delegation wouldn't come naturally the proliferation of legal entities even so added unhelpful layers of complexity over the 1950s and encouraged a broadening from the range which in the long run proved financially unsustainable using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company introduced the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of many top engineers at Borgward through 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella commenced in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most widely used model and remained in production for your life of the organization. In 1960 the Borgward P100 ended up being introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a type of 1500 cc sports racers within the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these to become successful Formula Two power unit (that has been also used by a number of F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties in the German market such while air suspension and automatic transmission, the company had trouble competing out there. While larger companies such as Opel and VW took selling point of economies of scale in addition to kept their prices low to find market share, Borgward's cost structure was even beyond necessary for its sizing, as it basically operated as four tiny independent companies and never implemented such basic cost reduction strategies as combined development and parts sharing between your company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems also. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced being a water-cooled boxer with front wheel drive, but plagued with problems like water leakage and gearbox errors. Lloyd lost money on the car even though it was more expensive in comparison with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pressured into liquidation by loan companies. Carl Borgward died inside July 1963, still insisting the company ended up technically solvent. This proved to be true in the sense that after this creditors were paid fully, there was still 5. 5 million Marks left from the business.
Studies of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in the article that appeared inside Germany's leading news publication, “Der Spiegel” on age 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeating Spiegel article was highlighted through a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s the front cover. It was strongly critical of Carl Borgward's small business approach, and included many of the arguments later advanced to describe or justify the business's demise. The widest range associated with cars from any producer in Germany, produced by three till recently operationally autonomous corporations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) was supporting a turnover involving only 650 million Signifies, placing the overall sales value in the combined Borgward auto firms only in fifth location among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence while on an increasingly manic proliferation involving new and modified products featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological improvements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") provided rise to components which too often did not work, broke down or fell into apart, resulting in massive costs for pre-delivery remediation and/or submit delivery warranty work that found their way back to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article had not been the only serious community criticism targeting Borgward at this time: suddenly stridently negative (if more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild magazine and in television stories. Critical media commentaries likewise appeared concerning large loans towards the Borgward Group provided because of the local Landesbank.It is apparent how the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties towards the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses such as auto manufacturing use their particular expensive machines and tools most efficiently as long as they use them constantly in full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside 1950s/60s was more seasonal than today, with sales diminishing with Winter, then peaking in their early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars at the conclusion of 1960 was beyond usual, reflecting ambitious growth plans, most obviously in respect of north america market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that on the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered because of the North American dealers inside 1960 (and with the 12, 000 delivered to them) 6, 000 might have being taken back following a slump in North american demand. (Borgward was not the only European auto maker hit with a North American slump popular for imported cars throughout 1960. In the same year two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned in mid-Atlantic because the docks in Big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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By the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the bank for a further a single million Marks of credit rating, the loan to be backed by the guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators opted for provide. However, following the flood regarding critical press comment this senators withdrew their ensure. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge this company itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in a very still hostile media, Borgward agreed to this senate’s terms on 5 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy with the business.The Bremen Senate likewise insisted on appointing its own nominee as chairman on the company’s supervisory board. The man they decided to go with was Johannes Semler to whom reports generally describe as a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in to English, does less than full justice on the breadth of Semler’s job. He had studied legislations at university and worked initially like a lawyer. The scion of a respected Hamburg political family, in 1945 he experienced himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU get together, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 along with 1953. Despite his Hamburg roots, Semler was by on this occasion based in Munich, with a network of contacts in the Bavarian establishment that likely included fellow CSU politician and also the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in the top administrative position from the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because the representative of the Bremen senators for you to chair the Borgward supervisory aboard would, in retrospect, contribute to the conflict that followed the Borgward individual bankruptcy.
In 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the actual supervisory board joined the directors on the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings with the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for the court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the organization to continue to trade while simultaneously protecting the interests involving creditors. [16] Two months later on, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath companies were declared bankrupt, followed in November with the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” get suggested that Semler, for reasons of her own, never had any purpose of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to be able to survive.
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