Borgward is an automobile manufacturer originally launched by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen within Germany, ceased operations in your 1960s. The Borgward group produced four brands of autos: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has due to the fact been revived by Carl Borgward's grand son, Christian Borgward, together with his lover Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese investment, and unveiled the businesses first new car inside over 40 years, the BX7 at this 2015 International Motor Demonstrate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back to 1905 with the institution in nearby Varel of the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the muse in Bremen itself regarding "Namag", maker of the Lloyd auto. These two businesses merged in 1914 in order to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial crisis then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and because of the late 1920s faced personal bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator from the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a possibility greatly to expand your scope of his car business, and he took control of it.
The first "automobile" Carl Borgward made was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of little three-wheeled van with 2 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget got it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the movie director of Hansa Lloyd AG having gotten to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Company. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had chances are evolved into the nonetheless three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or 7 hp Goliath Founder. Borgward turned his focus on the other businesses and led the development on the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the new Hansa Borgward 2000 and in 1939 the title was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was as well as the Borgward 2300that always been in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used some of the brand names from companies he had acquired in recent times to found three separate companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase how much steel allocated to his business at any given time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the lenders would be run being a single entity, but in a business operated by a man to whom delegation didn't come naturally the expansion of legal entities nonetheless added unhelpful layers of complexity through the 1950s and encouraged a broadening from the range which ultimately proved financially unsustainable while using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company displayed the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of many top engineers at Borgward via 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's hottest model and remained in production for the life of the business. In 1960 the Borgward P100 seemed to be introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a type of 1500 cc sports racers within the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these becoming a successful Formula Two power unit (which was also used by several F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties in the German market such because air suspension and computerized transmission, the company had trouble competing available on the market. While larger companies like Opel and VW took good thing about economies of scale in addition to kept their prices low to get market share, Borgward's cost structure was even higher than necessary for its dimensions, as it basically handled as four tiny independent companies and never implemented such basic expense reduction strategies as joint development and parts sharing relating to the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems also. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as a water-cooled boxer with the front wheel drive, but plagued with problems such as water leakage and gearbox snags. Lloyd lost money on the car just about the most was more expensive in comparison with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pushed into liquidation by collectors. Carl Borgward died in July 1963, still insisting the company have been technically solvent. This proved to be true inside sense that after the actual creditors were paid in full, there was still several. 5 million Marks remaining from the business.
Studies of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in a article that appeared inside Germany's leading news newspaper, “Der Spiegel” on 18 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeated Spiegel article was highlighted by way of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s top cover. It was strongly vital of Carl Borgward's company approach, and included many in the arguments later advanced to spellout or justify the businesses demise. The widest range regarding cars from any manufacturer in Germany, produced by three until recently operationally autonomous corporations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) has been supporting a turnover regarding only 650 million Represents, placing the overall sales value from the combined Borgward auto businesses only in fifth location among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence while on an increasingly manic proliferation associated with new and modified designs featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological inventions ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") gave rise to components which all too often did not work, broke down or droped apart, resulting in massive costs for pre-delivery remediation and/or submit delivery warranty work that found their in the past to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article wasn't the only serious open public criticism targeting Borgward right now: suddenly stridently negative (in the event more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild paper and in television reports. Critical media commentaries additionally appeared concerning large loans towards the Borgward Group provided with the local Landesbank.It is apparent that the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties by the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for instance auto manufacturing use his or her expensive machines and tools most efficiently when they use them constantly on full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside 1950s/60s was more seasons than today, with sales diminishing with Winter, then peaking in their early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars at the conclusion of 1960 was above usual, reflecting ambitious growth programs, most obviously in respect of the usa market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that with the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered from the North American dealers within 1960 (and in the 12, 000 delivered to them) 6, 000 might have to get taken back following a slump in Us demand. (Borgward was not the one European auto maker hit by way of North American slump sought after for imported cars during 1960. In the same season two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back mid-Atlantic because the docks in Nyc were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
Right at the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the financial institution for a further just one million Marks of credit score, the loan to be backed by the guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators agreed to provide. However, following the flood involving critical press comment this senators withdrew their promise. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the business itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in the still hostile media, Borgward agreed to your senate’s terms on several February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy in the business.The Bremen Senate likewise insisted on appointing its nominee as chairman on the company’s supervisory board. The man they select was Johannes Semler to whom reports generally describe as being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated straight into English, does less than full justice towards the breadth of Semler’s job. He had studied legislation at university and worked initially being a lawyer. The scion of a leading Hamburg political family, in 1945 he experienced himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU bash, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 along with 1953. Despite his Hamburg roots, Semler was by this time around based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside the Bavarian establishment that most likely included fellow CSU politician and also the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a very top administrative position inside Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because representative of the Bremen senators to chair the Borgward supervisory table would, in retrospect, contribute to the debate that followed the Borgward individual bankruptcy.
About 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the supervisory board joined the directors from the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings to the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for any court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business enterprise to continue to trade while as well protecting the interests connected with creditors. [16] Two months afterwards, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath companies were declared bankrupt, followed in November through the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have got suggested that Semler, for reasons of her own, never had any intention of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to be able to survive.
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