Borgward is usually an automobile manufacturer originally founded by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen in Germany, ceased operations in the 1960s. The Borgward group created four brands of vehicles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has because been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his spouse Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Far east investment, and unveiled the businesses first new car inside over 40 years, the BX7 at this 2015 International Motor Display.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back to 1905 with the institution in nearby Varel in the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the muse in Bremen itself of "Namag", maker of the Lloyd automobile. These two businesses merged in 1914 to make the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and with the late 1920s faced chapter 7. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator on the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented the opportunity greatly to expand your scope of his car business, and he took control from it.
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The 1st "automobile" Carl Borgward intended was the 1924 Blitzkarren (turbo cart), a sort of very small three-wheeled van with a couple of hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget purchased for delivery. The Reichspost ordered quite a few for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the director of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the oppertunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Company. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had nowadays evolved into the even now three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 as well as 7 hp Goliath Leading. Borgward turned his focus on the other businesses in addition to led the development of the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the completely new Hansa Borgward 2000 and also in 1939 the brand was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was followed by the Borgward 2300that continued in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a lot of the brand names from firms he had acquired in recent times to found three individual companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the amount of steel allocated to his business each time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the firms would be run to be a single entity, but in a business operated by way of man to whom delegation did not come naturally the growth of legal entities on the other hand added unhelpful layers of complexity throughout the 1950s and encouraged a broadening of the range which in the end proved financially unsustainable with all the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company offered the Borgward Hansa 1500.On the list of top engineers at Borgward through 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella begun in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most popular model and remained in production to the life of the company. In 1960 the Borgward P100 seemed to be introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a brand of 1500 cc sports racers in the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these learning to be a successful Formula Two power unit (that has been also used by a number of F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside the German market such seeing that air suspension and automatic transmission, the company had trouble competing out there. While larger companies such as Opel and VW took benefit of economies of scale as well as kept their prices low to gain market share, Borgward's cost structure was even beyond necessary for its sizing, as it basically controlled as four tiny independent companies and do not implemented such basic price tag reduction strategies as combined development and parts sharing involving the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems also. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced to be a water-cooled boxer with entry wheel drive, but plagued with problems for instance water leakage and gearbox snags. Lloyd lost money on the car though it was more expensive in comparison with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was compelled into liquidation by creditors. Carl Borgward died within July 1963, still insisting the company ended up technically solvent. This proved to be true from the sense that after your creditors were paid in full, there was still 4. 5 million Marks left from the business.
The Borgward Traumwagen Dream Car. Photo courtesy Borgward.
Reports of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within the article that appeared inside Germany's leading news magazine, “Der Spiegel” on 18 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeating Spiegel article was highlighted with a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s top cover. It was strongly essential of Carl Borgward's business approach, and included many of the arguments later advanced to describe or justify the company's demise. The widest range associated with cars from any manufacturer in Germany, produced by three until finally recently operationally autonomous organizations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) had been supporting a turnover of only 650 million Marks, placing the overall sales value through the combined Borgward auto companies only in fifth situation among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence by using an increasingly manic proliferation associated with new and modified designs featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovative developments ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") provided rise to components which too often did not work, broke down or dropped apart, resulting in massive charges for pre-delivery remediation and/or article delivery warranty work that found their sources that are to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article had not been the only serious public criticism targeting Borgward currently: suddenly stridently negative (in the event that more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild classifieds and in television accounts. Critical media commentaries likewise appeared concerning large loans for the Borgward Group provided with the local Landesbank.It is apparent that the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties by the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for instance auto manufacturing use their expensive machines and tools most efficiently if they use them constantly at full capacity, but the car market in Europe from the 1950s/60s was more seasonal than today, with sales diminishing in Winter, then peaking in the first summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars by the end of 1960 was above usual, reflecting ambitious growth options, most obviously in respect of north america market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that in the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered by the North American dealers with 1960 (and on the 12, 000 delivered to all of them) 6, 000 might have to get taken back following a slump in North american demand. (Borgward was not the only European auto maker hit with a North American slump widely used for imported cars through 1960. In the same yr two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back mid-Atlantic because the docks in Ny were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
Example of Borgward Isabella Coupe seen at Malvern Showground in 2005
At the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the bank for a further 1 million Marks of credit rating, the loan to be backed by way of guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators decided provide. However, following the flood associated with critical press comment the senators withdrew their assure. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the organization itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported inside a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the particular senate’s terms on 4 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy with the business.The Bremen Senate likewise insisted on appointing its very own nominee as chairman with the company’s supervisory board. The man they chose was Johannes Semler who reports generally describe being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated into English, does less than full justice towards breadth of Semler’s profession. He had studied regulation at university and worked initially being a lawyer. The scion of a leading Hamburg political family, in 1945 he had himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU bash, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 and 1953. Despite his Hamburg beginnings, Semler was by these times based in Munich, with a network of contacts in the Bavarian establishment that most likely included fellow CSU politician and also the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a top administrative position within the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler as the representative of the Bremen senators in order to chair the Borgward supervisory table would, in retrospect, contribute to the controversy that followed the Borgward personal bankruptcy.
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With 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the supervisory board joined the directors on the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings to the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for just a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the organization to continue to trade while as well protecting the interests involving creditors. [16] Two months in the future, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath corporations were declared bankrupt, followed in November with the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” get suggested that Semler, for reasons of his own, never had any intention of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to survive.
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