Borgward is an automobile manufacturer originally launched by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen throughout Germany, ceased operations in the 1960s. The Borgward group generated four brands of automobiles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has since been revived by Carl Borgward's grand son, Christian Borgward, together with his associate Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Oriental investment, and unveiled the firm's first new car inside over 40 years, the BX7 at this 2015 International Motor Display.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back on 1905 with the institution in nearby Varel with the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the inspiration in Bremen itself involving "Namag", maker of the Lloyd automobile. These two businesses merged in 1914 to the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economic situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and because of the late 1920s faced chapter 7. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator from the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a possibility greatly to expand the particular scope of his automotive business, and he took control from it.
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The 1st "automobile" Carl Borgward intended was the 1924 Blitzkarren (turbo cart), a sort of tiny three-wheeled van with a couple of hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success available in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget ordered for delivery. The Reichspost ordered most of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the director of Hansa Lloyd AG having been able to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had chances are evolved into the nevertheless three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 as well as 7 hp Goliath Master. Borgward turned his awareness of the other businesses along with led the development from the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the new Hansa Borgward 2000 and also in 1939 the name was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was followed by the Borgward 2300that remained in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a lot of the brand names from firms he had acquired in recent times to found three distinct companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quantity of steel allocated to his business during a period of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the firms would be run as a single entity, but in a business operated by way of a man to whom delegation did not come naturally the expansion of legal entities nonetheless added unhelpful layers of complexity throughout the 1950s and encouraged a broadening on the range which ultimately proved financially unsustainable with all the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company introduced the Borgward Hansa 1500.On the list of top engineers at Borgward by 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started out in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most favored model and remained in production to the life of the organization. In 1960 the Borgward P100 has been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinct 1500 cc sports racers from the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these to become successful Formula Two power unit (which was also used by a few F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside the German market such while air suspension and automatic transmission, the company had trouble competing out there. While larger companies such as Opel and VW took benefit of economies of scale in addition to kept their prices low to achieve market share, Borgward's cost structure was even more than necessary for its measurement, as it basically handled as four tiny independent companies rather than implemented such basic expense reduction strategies as articulation development and parts sharing between company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems too. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced like a water-cooled boxer with front wheel drive, but plagued with problems such as water leakage and gearbox mistakes. Lloyd lost money on the car although it was more expensive when compared with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was required into liquidation by collectors. Carl Borgward died inside July 1963, still insisting the company was technically solvent. This proved to be true from the sense that after the creditors were paid 100 %, there was still four. 5 million Marks remaining from the business.
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Reviews of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in an article that appeared in Germany's leading news publication, “Der Spiegel” on age 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repetitive Spiegel article was highlighted by way of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s front cover. It was strongly vital of Carl Borgward's enterprise approach, and included many of the arguments later advanced to explain or justify the corporation's demise. The widest range regarding cars from any company in Germany, produced by three until eventually recently operationally autonomous companies (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) was supporting a turnover regarding only 650 million Signifies, placing the overall sales value from your combined Borgward auto corporations only in fifth place among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence when using increasingly manic proliferation connected with new and modified designs featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovations ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") afforded rise to components which many times did not work, broke down or fell apart, resulting in massive charges for pre-delivery remediation and/or publish delivery warranty work that found their in the past to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article hasn't been the only serious open public criticism targeting Borgward currently: suddenly stridently negative (in the event more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild magazine and in television accounts. Critical media commentaries furthermore appeared concerning large loans towards Borgward Group provided through the local Landesbank.It is apparent which the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses like auto manufacturing use the expensive machines and tools most efficiently should they use them constantly from full capacity, but the car market in Europe within the 1950s/60s was more periodic than today, with sales diminishing within Winter, then peaking in their early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars at the conclusion of 1960 was more than usual, reflecting ambitious growth ideas, most obviously in respect of the usa market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that of the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered with the North American dealers with 1960 (and on the 12, 000 delivered to all of them) 6, 000 might have being taken back following a slump in American demand. (Borgward was not the one European auto maker hit by a North American slump in demand for imported cars in the course of 1960. In the same calendar year two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back in mid-Atlantic because the docks in Ny were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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At the conclusion of December 1960 Borgward approached the lending company for a further 1 million Marks of credit history, the loan to be backed by the guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators decided provide. However, following the flood associated with critical press comment your senators withdrew their promise. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the business itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the actual senate’s terms on several February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy from the business.The Bremen Senate also insisted on appointing its own nominee as chairman on the company’s supervisory board. The man they select was Johannes Semler who reports generally describe as a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated directly into English, does less than full justice to the breadth of Semler’s job. He had studied legislations at university and worked initially to be a lawyer. The scion of a leading Hamburg political family, in 1945 he acquired himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU party, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 and also 1953. Despite his Hamburg sources, Semler was by this time around based in Munich, with a network of contacts from the Bavarian establishment that most likely included fellow CSU politician and the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler within a top administrative position inside Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler as the representative of the Bremen senators to be able to chair the Borgward supervisory table would, in retrospect, contribute to the debate that followed the Borgward chapter 7.
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On 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of this supervisory board joined the directors with the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for that establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the organization to continue to trade while simultaneously protecting the interests of creditors. [16] Two months later on, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath firms were declared bankrupt, followed in November because of the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” get suggested that Semler, for reasons of his very own, never had any purpose of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses in order to survive.
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