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Borgward can be an automobile manufacturer originally started by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen with Germany, ceased operations in the 1960s. The Borgward group developed four brands of vehicles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has given that been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his lover Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese language investment, and unveiled the business's first new car within over 40 years, the BX7 at the particular 2015 International Motor Show.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back to 1905 with the business in nearby Varel on the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the muse in Bremen itself connected with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car or truck. These two businesses merged in 1914 to make the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economic situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and from the late 1920s faced bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator from the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented the possibility greatly to expand the particular scope of his automobile business, and he took control of it.

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The primary "automobile" Carl Borgward developed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (turbo cart), a sort of very small three-wheeled van with a couple of hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success already in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget purchased for delivery. The Reichspost ordered some of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the home of Hansa Lloyd AG having had time to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Corp. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had nowadays evolved into the nonetheless three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or perhaps 7 hp Goliath Leader. Borgward turned his awareness of the other businesses as well as led the development of the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand-new Hansa Borgward 2000 in addition to in 1939 the label was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was and then the Borgward 2300that stayed in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a few of the brand names from businesses he had acquired in the past to found three separate companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the number of steel allocated to his business each time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the companies would be run as a single entity, but in a business operated by the man to whom delegation would not come naturally the spreading of legal entities even so added unhelpful layers of complexity from the 1950s and encouraged a broadening of the range which in the end proved financially unsustainable with the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company introduced the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of the top engineers at Borgward by 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most favored model and remained in production to the life of the business. In 1960 the Borgward P100 was introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a type of 1500 cc sports racers inside the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these to become successful Formula Two power unit (which has been also used by several F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside German market such as air suspension and automated transmission, the company had trouble competing available. While larger companies including Opel and VW took good thing about economies of scale along with kept their prices low to gain market share, Borgward's cost structure was even beyond necessary for its size, as it basically operated as four tiny independent companies rather than implemented such basic price tag reduction strategies as mutual development and parts sharing between your company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems as well. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced like a water-cooled boxer with the front wheel drive, but plagued with problems like water leakage and gearbox glitches. Lloyd lost money on the car although it was more expensive in comparison with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was forced into liquidation by lenders. Carl Borgward died with July 1963, still insisting the company have been technically solvent. This proved to be true in the sense that after the creditors were paid in full, there was still 4. 5 million Marks left from the business.

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Stories of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in the article that appeared throughout Germany's leading news journal, “Der Spiegel” on age 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeating Spiegel article was highlighted by means of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s entrance cover. It was strongly vital of Carl Borgward's organization approach, and included many in the arguments later advanced to spellout or justify the company's demise. The widest range associated with cars from any manufacturer in Germany, produced by three until recently operationally autonomous corporations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) had been supporting a turnover involving only 650 million Grades, placing the overall sales value from the combined Borgward auto businesses only in fifth place among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence on an increasingly manic proliferation involving new and modified designs featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological improvements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") gave rise to components which many times did not work, broke down or fell apart, resulting in massive expenses for pre-delivery remediation and/or publish delivery warranty work that found their way back to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article has not been the only serious public criticism targeting Borgward currently: suddenly stridently negative (if more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild newspaper and in television stories. Critical media commentaries also appeared concerning large loans for the Borgward Group provided because of the local Landesbank.It is apparent the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties by the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses like auto manufacturing use their own expensive machines and tools most efficiently as long as they use them constantly at full capacity, but the car market in Europe from the 1950s/60s was more seasons than today, with sales diminishing in Winter, then peaking in their early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars at the end of 1960 was more than usual, reflecting ambitious growth ideas, most obviously in respect of america market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that in the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered from the North American dealers throughout 1960 (and of the 12, 000 delivered to them) 6, 000 might have to become taken back following a slump in North american demand. (Borgward was not the sole European auto maker hit by the North American slump sought after for imported cars throughout 1960. In the same season two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back in mid-Atlantic because the docks in Ny were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.

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By the end of December 1960 Borgward approached your banker for a further 1 million Marks of credit score, the loan to be backed by way of a guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators opted for provide. However, following the flood associated with critical press comment your senators withdrew their assurance. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge this company itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported within a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the senate’s terms on some February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy on the business.The Bremen Senate furthermore insisted on appointing a nominee as chairman from the company’s supervisory board. The man they chose was Johannes Semler whom reports generally describe like a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated directly into English, does less than full justice towards the breadth of Semler’s job. He had studied legislations at university and worked initially being a lawyer. The scion of a respected Hamburg political family, in 1945 he had himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU get together, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 along with 1953. Despite his Hamburg sources, Semler was by on this occasion based in Munich, with a network of contacts from the Bavarian establishment that almost certainly included fellow CSU politician plus the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in the top administrative position in the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler for the reason that representative of the Bremen senators to help chair the Borgward supervisory table would, in retrospect, contribute to the debate that followed the Borgward individual bankruptcy.

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In 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of this supervisory board joined the directors of the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for your establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the company to continue to trade while as well protecting the interests regarding creditors. [16] Two months later on, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath businesses were declared bankrupt, followed in November with the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” get suggested that Semler, for reasons of her own, never had any purpose of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to be able to survive.

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