Borgward is surely an automobile manufacturer originally started by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen inside Germany, ceased operations in the 1960s. The Borgward group produced four brands of cars: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has considering that been revived by Carl Borgward's grandson, Christian Borgward, together with his partner Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese investment, and unveiled the business's first new car throughout over 40 years, the BX7 at the 2015 International Motor Indicate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back on 1905 with the establishment in nearby Varel in the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the walls in Bremen itself of "Namag", maker of the Lloyd automobile. These two businesses merged in 1914 in order to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial status then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and through the late 1920s faced a bankruptcy proceeding. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator of the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented an opportunity greatly to expand this scope of his vehicle business, and he took control from it.
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The primary "automobile" Carl Borgward designed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (lightning cart), a sort of little three-wheeled van with 2 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success already in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget bought it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the representative of Hansa Lloyd AG having had time to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Company. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had right now evolved into the however three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or 7 hp Goliath Pioneer. Borgward turned his focus on the other businesses along with led the development with the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand new Hansa Borgward 2000 in addition to in 1939 the brand was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was then the Borgward 2300that continued to be in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a lot of the brand names from corporations he had acquired through the years to found three independent companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the amount of steel allocated to his business at the same time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the lenders would be run as being a single entity, but in a business operated by way of a man to whom delegation failed to come naturally the proliferation of legal entities nonetheless added unhelpful layers of complexity with the 1950s and encouraged a broadening with the range which in the end proved financially unsustainable while using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company shown the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of several top engineers at Borgward from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella begun in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most popular model and remained in production for that life of the business. In 1960 the Borgward P100 seemed to be introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a type of 1500 cc sports racers from the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these becoming a successful Formula Two power unit (which has been also used by a few F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside German market such while air suspension and intelligent transmission, the company had trouble competing available. While larger companies including Opel and VW took advantage of economies of scale and also kept their prices low to realize market share, Borgward's cost structure was even more than necessary for its sizing, as it basically handled as four tiny independent companies and don't implemented such basic cost reduction strategies as mutual development and parts sharing between company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems at the same time. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced to be a water-cooled boxer with entry wheel drive, but plagued with problems such as water leakage and gearbox secrets. Lloyd lost money on the car though it was more expensive compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was forced into liquidation by loan companies. Carl Borgward died with July 1963, still insisting the company was technically solvent. This proved to be true in the sense that after your creditors were paid fully, there was still some. 5 million Marks remaining from the business.
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Reviews of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in an article that appeared throughout Germany's leading news magazine, “Der Spiegel” on age 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeated Spiegel article was highlighted through a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s front cover. It was strongly vital of Carl Borgward's small business approach, and included many from the arguments later advanced to explain or justify the company's demise. The widest range of cars from any company in Germany, produced by three until eventually recently operationally autonomous corporations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) ended up being supporting a turnover associated with only 650 million Scars, placing the overall sales value from the combined Borgward auto companies only in fifth position among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence with an increasingly manic proliferation of new and modified products featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological inventions ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") offered rise to components which all too often did not work, broke down or droped apart, resulting in massive payments for pre-delivery remediation and/or write-up delivery warranty work that found their long ago to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article wasn't the only serious open criticism targeting Borgward at this time: suddenly stridently negative (when more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild magazine and in television studies. Critical media commentaries likewise appeared concerning large loans for the Borgward Group provided with the local Landesbank.It is apparent that this business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for example auto manufacturing use the expensive machines and tools most efficiently if they use them constantly at full capacity, but the car market in Europe in the 1950s/60s was more temporary than today, with sales diminishing in Winter, then peaking in the first summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars towards the end of 1960 was beyond usual, reflecting ambitious growth strategies, most obviously in respect of america market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that from the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered through the North American dealers inside 1960 (and in the 12, 000 delivered to all of them) 6, 000 might have being taken back following a slump in Us demand. (Borgward was not the only real European auto maker hit by way of a North American slump widely used for imported cars through 1960. In the same 12 months two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned last mid-Atlantic because the docks in Nyc were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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By the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lending company for a further just one million Marks of credit score, the loan to be backed by a guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators decided provide. However, following the flood regarding critical press comment the senators withdrew their guarantee. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the business itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in a very still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the senate’s terms on 4 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy in the business.The Bremen Senate in addition insisted on appointing its own nominee as chairman of the company’s supervisory board. The man they decided was Johannes Semler with whom reports generally describe as a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated straight into English, does less than full justice for the breadth of Semler’s occupation. He had studied legislations at university and worked initially being a lawyer. The scion of a leading Hamburg political family, in 1945 he experienced himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU party, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 as well as 1953. Despite his Hamburg sources, Semler was by these times based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside the Bavarian establishment that probably included fellow CSU politician and also the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in the top administrative position inside Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because the representative of the Bremen senators to chair the Borgward supervisory aboard would, in retrospect, contribute to the controversy that followed the Borgward a bankruptcy proceeding.
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About 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the supervisory board joined the directors in the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings to the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for any court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the company to continue to trade while concurrently protecting the interests associated with creditors. [16] Two months later on, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath firms were declared bankrupt, followed in November by the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have suggested that Semler, for reasons of his or her own, never had any intention of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to survive.
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