Borgward is an automobile manufacturer originally launched by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen in Germany, ceased operations in the 1960s. The Borgward group made four brands of autos: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has since been revived by Carl Borgward's grand son, Christian Borgward, together with his spouse Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from China investment, and unveiled the firm's first new car throughout over 40 years, the BX7 at your 2015 International Motor Present.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business go back to 1905 with the establishment in nearby Varel of the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the walls in Bremen itself associated with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd automobile. These two businesses merged in 1914 to the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economy then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and through the late 1920s faced personal bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator on the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a possibility greatly to expand the particular scope of his automobile business, and he took control of it.
The very first "automobile" Carl Borgward intended was the 1924 Blitzkarren (turbo cart), a sort of tiny three-wheeled van with two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success on the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget purchased for delivery. The Reichspost ordered some of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the representative of Hansa Lloyd AG having been able to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Corp. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had can't evolved into the nonetheless three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or perhaps 7 hp Goliath Master. Borgward turned his attention to the other businesses along with led the development from the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand new Hansa Borgward 2000 along with in 1939 the identify was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was accompanied by the Borgward 2300that continued in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a few of the brand names from firms he had acquired over time to found three separate companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the number of steel allocated to his business during a period of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the companies would be run as a single entity, but in a business operated by way of a man to whom delegation would not come naturally the growth of legal entities nonetheless added unhelpful layers of complexity through the 1950s and encouraged a broadening from the range which in the long run proved financially unsustainable using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company displayed the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of many top engineers at Borgward coming from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella began in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's hottest model and remained in production with the life of the organization. In 1960 the Borgward P100 seemed to be introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a line of 1500 cc sports racers within the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these becoming a successful Formula Two power unit (which was also used by a few F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside German market such as air suspension and programmed transmission, the company had trouble competing out there. While larger companies including Opel and VW took benefit of economies of scale and kept their prices low to find market share, Borgward's cost structure was even above necessary for its sizing, as it basically managed as four tiny independent companies and do not implemented such basic charge reduction strategies as mutual development and parts sharing relating to the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems too. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced to be a water-cooled boxer with the front wheel drive, but plagued with problems for instance water leakage and gearbox snags. Lloyd lost money on the car although it was more expensive than its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pressured into liquidation by credit card companies. Carl Borgward died with July 1963, still insisting the company was technically solvent. This proved to be true inside the sense that after your creditors were paid fully, there was still 4. 5 million Marks left from the business.
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Accounts of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in an article that appeared inside Germany's leading news mag, “Der Spiegel” on age 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeated Spiegel article was highlighted through a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s the front cover. It was strongly critical of Carl Borgward's company approach, and included many of the arguments later advanced to explain or justify the business's demise. The widest range regarding cars from any manufacturer in Germany, produced by three till recently operationally autonomous organizations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) seemed to be supporting a turnover associated with only 650 million Signifies, placing the overall sales value through the combined Borgward auto businesses only in fifth place among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence on an increasingly manic proliferation associated with new and modified designs featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovative developments ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") offered rise to components which excessively did not work, broke down or chop down apart, resulting in massive payments for pre-delivery remediation and/or post delivery warranty work that found their sources that are to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article wasn't the only serious open public criticism targeting Borgward at this time: suddenly stridently negative (when more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild paper and in television reviews. Critical media commentaries also appeared concerning large loans on the Borgward Group provided with the local Landesbank.It is apparent which the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the conclusion of 1960. Capital intensive businesses like auto manufacturing use their own expensive machines and tools most efficiently if they use them constantly from full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside 1950s/60s was more seasons than today, with sales diminishing with Winter, then peaking in the early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars right at the end of 1960 was greater than usual, reflecting ambitious growth options, most obviously in respect of the united states market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that with the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered by the North American dealers throughout 1960 (and from the 12, 000 delivered to these) 6, 000 might have for being taken back following a slump in American demand. (Borgward was not the one European auto maker hit by way of a North American slump successful for imported cars throughout 1960. In the same calendar year two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back in mid-Atlantic because the docks in The big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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At the conclusion of December 1960 Borgward approached your banker for a further one million Marks of credit rating, the loan to be backed by way of a guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators consented to provide. However, following the flood regarding critical press comment the particular senators withdrew their guarantee. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the organization itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported within a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the particular senate’s terms on 4 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy from the business.The Bremen Senate additionally insisted on appointing a unique nominee as chairman of the company’s supervisory board. The man they select was Johannes Semler whom reports generally describe as a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated directly into English, does less than full justice towards breadth of Semler’s job. He had studied rules at university and worked initially to be a lawyer. The scion of a number one Hamburg political family, in 1945 he acquired himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU bash, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 and 1953. Despite his Hamburg beginnings, Semler was by on this occasion based in Munich, with a network of contacts within the Bavarian establishment that likely included fellow CSU politician as well as the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a very top administrative position from the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler as the representative of the Bremen senators in order to chair the Borgward supervisory mother board would, in retrospect, contribute to the conflict that followed the Borgward personal bankruptcy.
About 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the supervisory board joined the directors on the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings to the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided to get a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling this company to continue to trade while concurrently protecting the interests involving creditors. [16] Two months afterwards, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath organizations were declared bankrupt, followed in November by the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” possess suggested that Semler, for reasons of his or her own, never had any intent of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses for you to survive.
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