Borgward is an automobile manufacturer originally started by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen with Germany, ceased operations in the 1960s. The Borgward group developed four brands of vehicles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has given that been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his associate Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese language investment, and unveiled the company's first new car within over 40 years, the BX7 at the 2015 International Motor Demonstrate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back on 1905 with the place in nearby Varel with the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the foundation in Bremen itself connected with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd automobile. These two businesses merged in 1914 to the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economic situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and with the late 1920s faced personal bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator of the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented the opportunity greatly to expand this scope of his car business, and he took control of computer.
The 1st "automobile" Carl Borgward designed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (lightning cart), a sort of tiny three-wheeled van with two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success out there gap it filled. Traders with a small budget purchased for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the overseer of Hansa Lloyd AG having had time to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Company. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had right now evolved into the even now three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or maybe 7 hp Goliath Master. Borgward turned his focus on the other businesses in addition to led the development in the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand new Hansa Borgward 2000 and in 1939 the brand was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was followed by the Borgward 2300that remained in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a few of the brand names from businesses he had acquired in recent times to found three different companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quantity of steel allocated to his business at a time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the lenders would be run being a single entity, but in a business operated by the man to whom delegation wouldn't come naturally the growth of legal entities however added unhelpful layers of complexity throughout the 1950s and encouraged a broadening with the range which eventually proved financially unsustainable with all the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company offered the Borgward Hansa 1500.Among the top engineers at Borgward via 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella begun in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most favored model and remained in production for that life of the business. In 1960 the Borgward P100 ended up being introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a type of 1500 cc sports racers in the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these becoming a successful Formula Two power unit (that is also used by many F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties within the German market such while air suspension and programmed transmission, the company had trouble competing out there. While larger companies including Opel and VW took good thing about economies of scale and also kept their prices low to gain market share, Borgward's cost structure was even greater than necessary for its dimension, as it basically managed as four tiny independent companies and never implemented such basic price tag reduction strategies as combined development and parts sharing relating to the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems too. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced being a water-cooled boxer with top wheel drive, but plagued with problems like water leakage and gearbox mistakes. Lloyd lost money on the car just about the most was more expensive as compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pushed into liquidation by creditors. Carl Borgward died in July 1963, still insisting the company had been technically solvent. This proved to be true from the sense that after this creditors were paid in full, there was still 4. 5 million Marks left over from the business.
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Studies of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in a article that appeared throughout Germany's leading news journal, “Der Spiegel” on age 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places similar Spiegel article was highlighted with a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s front cover. It was strongly critical of Carl Borgward's small business approach, and included many of the arguments later advanced to explain or justify the firm's demise. The widest range connected with cars from any company in Germany, produced by three until finally recently operationally autonomous organizations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) seemed to be supporting a turnover associated with only 650 million Signifies, placing the overall sales value in the combined Borgward auto corporations only in fifth placement among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence with an increasingly manic proliferation associated with new and modified products featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovative developments ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") presented rise to components which too often did not work, broke down or dropped apart, resulting in massive costs for pre-delivery remediation and/or submit delivery warranty work that found their way back to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article was not the only serious public criticism targeting Borgward at the moment: suddenly stridently negative (in case more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild paper and in television reviews. Critical media commentaries furthermore appeared concerning large loans towards the Borgward Group provided by the local Landesbank.It is apparent how the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the conclusion of 1960. Capital intensive businesses like auto manufacturing use his or her expensive machines and tools most efficiently if they use them constantly in full capacity, but the car market in Europe within the 1950s/60s was more seasons than today, with sales diminishing with Winter, then peaking in earlier summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars at the end of 1960 was beyond usual, reflecting ambitious growth strategies, most obviously in respect of america market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that in the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered through the North American dealers within 1960 (and with the 12, 000 delivered to these) 6, 000 might have to become taken back following a slump in North american demand. (Borgward was not the sole European auto maker hit by way of North American slump sought after for imported cars while in 1960. In the same calendar year two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned in mid-Atlantic because the docks in Ny were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
Borgward P100 wheelofsteels
Right at the end of December 1960 Borgward approached your banker for a further one million Marks of credit history, the loan to be backed with a guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators decided provide. However, following the flood of critical press comment the particular senators withdrew their promise. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the organization itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported inside a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the senate’s terms on 5 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy in the business.The Bremen Senate additionally insisted on appointing a unique nominee as chairman with the company’s supervisory board. The man they chose was Johannes Semler with whom reports generally describe as a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated into English, does less than full justice to the breadth of Semler’s job. He had studied law at university and worked initially being a lawyer. The scion of a leading Hamburg political family, in 1945 he got himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU bash, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 in addition to 1953. Despite his Hamburg beginning, Semler was by these times based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside Bavarian establishment that most likely included fellow CSU politician plus the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a very top administrative position from the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because representative of the Bremen senators to chair the Borgward supervisory aboard would, in retrospect, contribute to the hot debate that followed the Borgward chapter 7.
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On 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the particular supervisory board joined the directors on the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for that establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for any court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling this company to continue to trade while concurrently protecting the interests regarding creditors. [16] Two months later, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath firms were declared bankrupt, followed in November with the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” get suggested that Semler, for reasons of his own, never had any purpose of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to survive.
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