Borgward is definitely an automobile manufacturer originally started by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen throughout Germany, ceased operations in the particular 1960s. The Borgward group developed four brands of autos: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has considering that been revived by Carl Borgward's grandson, Christian Borgward, together with his lover Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese language investment, and unveiled the firm's first new car in over 40 years, the BX7 at the particular 2015 International Motor Indicate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back on 1905 with the place in nearby Varel from the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the inspiration in Bremen itself of "Namag", maker of the Lloyd auto. These two businesses merged in 1914 to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial status then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and by the late 1920s faced a bankruptcy proceeding. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator with the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a possibility greatly to expand the particular scope of his vehicle business, and he took control than it.
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The 1st "automobile" Carl Borgward made was the 1924 Blitzkarren (lightning cart), a sort of little three-wheeled van with 3 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success out there gap it filled. Traders with a small budget purchased for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the director of Hansa Lloyd AG having been able to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Company. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had chances are evolved into the nevertheless three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 as well as 7 hp Goliath Pioneer. Borgward turned his focus on the other businesses and also led the development in the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand-new Hansa Borgward 2000 and also in 1939 the brand was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was accompanied by the Borgward 2300that continued in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used some of the brand names from companies he had acquired in recent times to found three individual companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quality of steel allocated to his business at the same time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the businesses would be run to be a single entity, but in a business operated by way of a man to whom delegation didn't come naturally the growth of legal entities even so added unhelpful layers of complexity throughout the 1950s and encouraged a broadening of the range which finally proved financially unsustainable while using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company introduced the Borgward Hansa 1500.On the list of top engineers at Borgward from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most widely used model and remained in production to the life of the company. In 1960 the Borgward P100 had been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a line of 1500 cc sports racers inside the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these to become successful Formula Two power unit (which has been also used by several F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside the German market such seeing that air suspension and intelligent transmission, the company had trouble competing available. While larger companies like Opel and VW took selling point of economies of scale along with kept their prices low to achieve market share, Borgward's cost structure was even beyond necessary for its sizing, as it basically managed as four tiny independent companies and don't implemented such basic price reduction strategies as mutual development and parts sharing between company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems too. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as a water-cooled boxer with the front wheel drive, but plagued with problems for instance water leakage and gearbox glitches. Lloyd lost money on the car just about the most was more expensive than its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was compelled into liquidation by credit card companies. Carl Borgward died with July 1963, still insisting the company were being technically solvent. This proved to be true within the sense that after this creditors were paid fully, there was still four. 5 million Marks left from the business.
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Accounts of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within an article that appeared within Germany's leading news magazine, “Der Spiegel” on age 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places similar Spiegel article was highlighted through a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s the front cover. It was strongly crucial of Carl Borgward's organization approach, and included many with the arguments later advanced to spell out or justify the firm's demise. The widest range of cars from any maker in Germany, produced by three until recently operationally autonomous corporations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) ended up being supporting a turnover associated with only 650 million Represents, placing the overall sales value in the combined Borgward auto corporations only in fifth location among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence when using increasingly manic proliferation connected with new and modified versions featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological improvements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") offered rise to components which excessively did not work, broke down or chop down apart, resulting in massive expenses for pre-delivery remediation and/or submit delivery warranty work that found their way back to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article has not been the only serious public criticism targeting Borgward at the moment: suddenly stridently negative (in the event more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild classifieds and in television studies. Critical media commentaries furthermore appeared concerning large loans on the Borgward Group provided through the local Landesbank.It is apparent that the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the conclusion of 1960. Capital intensive businesses such as auto manufacturing use their own expensive machines and tools most efficiently if they use them constantly from full capacity, but the car market in Europe in the 1950s/60s was more seasons than today, with sales diminishing in Winter, then peaking in early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars at the end of 1960 was higher than usual, reflecting ambitious growth ideas, most obviously in respect of the united states market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that in the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered by the North American dealers in 1960 (and from the 12, 000 delivered to these people) 6, 000 might have to be taken back following a slump in Us demand. (Borgward was not the one European auto maker hit by way of a North American slump popular for imported cars while in 1960. In the same 12 months two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back mid-Atlantic because the docks in The big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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By the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lending company for a further one million Marks of credit history, the loan to be backed by way of a guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators decided to provide. However, following the flood regarding critical press comment your senators withdrew their ensure. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the corporation itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in the still hostile media, Borgward agreed to your senate’s terms on some February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy with the business.The Bremen Senate in addition insisted on appointing its own nominee as chairman from the company’s supervisory board. The man they chose was Johannes Semler to whom reports generally describe like a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated directly into English, does less than full justice to the breadth of Semler’s job. He had studied regulation at university and worked initially like a lawyer. The scion of a respected Hamburg political family, in 1945 he received himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU gathering, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 along with 1953. Despite his Hamburg beginning, Semler was by now based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside the Bavarian establishment that probably included fellow CSU politician and the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler within a top administrative position inside Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because the representative of the Bremen senators to chair the Borgward supervisory board would, in retrospect, contribute to the controversy that followed the Borgward chapter 7.
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Upon 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of this supervisory board joined the directors on the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for any court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business to continue to trade while at the same time protecting the interests involving creditors. [16] Two months afterwards, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath firms were declared bankrupt, followed in November with the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” get suggested that Semler, for reasons of her own, never had any objective of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to be able to survive.
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