Borgward is an automobile manufacturer originally created by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen with Germany, ceased operations in your 1960s. The Borgward group developed four brands of automobiles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has since been revived by Carl Borgward's grandson, Christian Borgward, together with his spouse Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese language investment, and unveiled the business's first new car in over 40 years, the BX7 at your 2015 International Motor Indicate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back to 1905 with the organization in nearby Varel on the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the inspiration in Bremen itself regarding "Namag", maker of the Lloyd automobile. These two businesses merged in 1914 to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and by the late 1920s faced a bankruptcy proceeding. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator on the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a possibility greatly to expand the particular scope of his automotive business, and he took control from it.
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The 1st "automobile" Carl Borgward made was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of very small three-wheeled van with 2 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success available in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget bought it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered some of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the representative of Hansa Lloyd AG having gotten to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Company. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had by now evolved into the even now three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or maybe 7 hp Goliath Pioneer. Borgward turned his awareness of the other businesses in addition to led the development with the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand-new Hansa Borgward 2000 as well as in 1939 the name was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was as well as the Borgward 2300that remained in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a number of the brand names from firms he had acquired over time to found three distinct companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase how much steel allocated to his business each time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes nokia's would be run like a single entity, but in a business operated by a man to whom delegation didn't come naturally the expansion of legal entities on the other hand added unhelpful layers of complexity through the 1950s and encouraged a broadening with the range which eventually proved financially unsustainable while using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company offered the Borgward Hansa 1500.Among the top engineers at Borgward through 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella began in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most popular model and remained in production for that life of the business. In 1960 the Borgward P100 had been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a brand of 1500 cc sports racers inside late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these being a successful Formula Two power unit (that was also used by several F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside German market such while air suspension and computerized transmission, the company had trouble competing available on the market. While larger companies similar to Opel and VW took advantage of economies of scale as well as kept their prices low to find market share, Borgward's cost structure was even higher than necessary for its dimensions, as it basically operated as four tiny independent companies and don't implemented such basic price tag reduction strategies as articulation development and parts sharing involving the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems also. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as being a water-cooled boxer with top wheel drive, but plagued with problems for instance water leakage and gearbox secrets. Lloyd lost money on the car just about the most was more expensive as compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was forced into liquidation by collectors. Carl Borgward died in July 1963, still insisting the company was technically solvent. This proved to be true within the sense that after this creditors were paid completely, there was still 4. 5 million Marks left from the business.
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Reports of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within an article that appeared in Germany's leading news newspaper, “Der Spiegel” on 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repetitive Spiegel article was highlighted by means of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s the front cover. It was strongly crucial of Carl Borgward's enterprise approach, and included many in the arguments later advanced to go into detail or justify the firm's demise. The widest range connected with cars from any maker in Germany, produced by three until eventually recently operationally autonomous corporations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) ended up being supporting a turnover involving only 650 million Represents, placing the overall sales value from your combined Borgward auto organizations only in fifth place among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence when using increasingly manic proliferation involving new and modified models featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological improvements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") offered rise to components which too often did not work, broke down or fell apart, resulting in massive payments for pre-delivery remediation and/or write-up delivery warranty work that found their in the past to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article hasn't been the only serious community criticism targeting Borgward at this time: suddenly stridently negative (when more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild paper and in television reports. Critical media commentaries likewise appeared concerning large loans on the Borgward Group provided because of the local Landesbank.It is apparent how the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for example auto manufacturing use their own expensive machines and tools most efficiently should they use them constantly from full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside 1950s/60s was more in season than today, with sales diminishing in Winter, then peaking in early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars at the end of 1960 was more than usual, reflecting ambitious growth strategies, most obviously in respect of north america market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that with the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered by the North American dealers in 1960 (and in the 12, 000 delivered to them) 6, 000 might have to be taken back following a slump in Us demand. (Borgward was not the one European auto maker hit by way of North American slump in demand for imported cars through 1960. In the same yr two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned the government financial aid mid-Atlantic because the docks in Big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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Towards the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lending company for a further one particular million Marks of credit history, the loan to be backed with a guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators consented to provide. However, following the flood involving critical press comment the actual senators withdrew their guarantee. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the corporation itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported within a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to this senate’s terms on some February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy on the business.The Bremen Senate likewise insisted on appointing its nominee as chairman on the company’s supervisory board. The man they chose was Johannes Semler with whom reports generally describe like a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated directly into English, does less than full justice towards the breadth of Semler’s occupation. He had studied legislation at university and worked initially like a lawyer. The scion of a respected Hamburg political family, in 1945 he had himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU gathering, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 and also 1953. Despite his Hamburg beginning, Semler was by now based in Munich, with a network of contacts in the Bavarian establishment that almost certainly included fellow CSU politician and the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in the top administrative position inside the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because representative of the Bremen senators for you to chair the Borgward supervisory board would, in retrospect, contribute to the conflict that followed the Borgward chapter 7.
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About 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the actual supervisory board joined the directors of the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings with the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for just a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business enterprise to continue to trade while as well protecting the interests connected with creditors. [16] Two months after, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath companies were declared bankrupt, followed in November from the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” possess suggested that Semler, for reasons of their own, never had any goal of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to help survive.
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