Borgward is usually an automobile manufacturer originally started by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen within Germany, ceased operations in the particular 1960s. The Borgward group made four brands of autos: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has given that been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his spouse Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Far east investment, and unveiled the businesses first new car throughout over 40 years, the BX7 at your 2015 International Motor Present.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business resume 1905 with the place in nearby Varel of the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the foundation in Bremen itself connected with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd auto. These two businesses merged in 1914 to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial crisis then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and through the late 1920s faced individual bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator in the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented an opportunity greatly to expand the particular scope of his car business, and he took control of computer.
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The primary "automobile" Carl Borgward created was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of little three-wheeled van with two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success available in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget purchased for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the director of Hansa Lloyd AG having had time to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had right now evolved into the nevertheless three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or 7 hp Goliath Master. Borgward turned his attention to the other businesses and led the development of the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand new Hansa Borgward 2000 and also in 1939 the label was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was and then the Borgward 2300that continued in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a number of the brand names from firms he had acquired over time to found three independent companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the amount of steel allocated to his business each time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes nokia's would be run as a single entity, but in a business operated by a man to whom delegation would not come naturally the growth of legal entities even so added unhelpful layers of complexity through the 1950s and encouraged a broadening on the range which ultimately proved financially unsustainable using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company presented the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of the top engineers at Borgward by 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella begun in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most in-demand model and remained in production to the life of the business. In 1960 the Borgward P100 ended up being introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinctive line of 1500 cc sports racers within the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these becoming a successful Formula Two power unit (which has been also used by a number of F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside the German market such since air suspension and automated transmission, the company had trouble competing out there. While larger companies just like Opel and VW took selling point of economies of scale in addition to kept their prices low to find market share, Borgward's cost structure was even greater than necessary for its sizing, as it basically controlled as four tiny independent companies and don't implemented such basic cost reduction strategies as joint development and parts sharing relating to the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems at the same time. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as a water-cooled boxer with top wheel drive, but plagued with problems including water leakage and gearbox mistakes. Lloyd lost money on the car community . was more expensive when compared with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was forced into liquidation by credit card companies. Carl Borgward died within July 1963, still insisting the company had been technically solvent. This proved to be true inside sense that after your creditors were paid 100 %, there was still some. 5 million Marks remaining from the business.
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Reviews of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within the article that appeared throughout Germany's leading news mag, “Der Spiegel” on 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places similar Spiegel article was highlighted by means of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s the front cover. It was strongly vital of Carl Borgward's company approach, and included many on the arguments later advanced to explain or justify the corporation's demise. The widest range associated with cars from any maker in Germany, produced by three until eventually recently operationally autonomous corporations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) has been supporting a turnover of only 650 million Represents, placing the overall sales value from your combined Borgward auto corporations only in fifth placement among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence on an increasingly manic proliferation regarding new and modified products featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological improvements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") presented rise to components which many times did not work, broke down or droped apart, resulting in massive bills for pre-delivery remediation and/or write-up delivery warranty work that found their long ago to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article wasn't the only serious general public criticism targeting Borgward currently: suddenly stridently negative (in the event that more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild classifieds and in television stories. Critical media commentaries furthermore appeared concerning large loans to the Borgward Group provided from the local Landesbank.It is apparent the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties towards the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses including auto manufacturing use their particular expensive machines and tools most efficiently whenever they use them constantly in full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside 1950s/60s was more periodic than today, with sales diminishing inside Winter, then peaking in earlier summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars towards the end of 1960 was more than usual, reflecting ambitious growth ideas, most obviously in respect of america market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that of the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered from the North American dealers throughout 1960 (and with the 12, 000 delivered to these) 6, 000 might have to become taken back following a slump in United states demand. (Borgward was not the only real European auto maker hit with a North American slump in demand for imported cars in the course of 1960. In the same 12 months two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back mid-Atlantic because the docks in Big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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At the conclusion of December 1960 Borgward approached the bank for a further a single million Marks of credit, the loan to be backed by a guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators opted for provide. However, following the flood connected with critical press comment the particular senators withdrew their guarantee. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge this company itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported inside a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the particular senate’s terms on 4 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy with the business.The Bremen Senate in addition insisted on appointing a nominee as chairman with the company’s supervisory board. The man they selected was Johannes Semler to whom reports generally describe to be a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in to English, does less than full justice for the breadth of Semler’s career. He had studied regulation at university and worked initially being a lawyer. The scion of a leading Hamburg political family, in 1945 he received himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU bash, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 and 1953. Despite his Hamburg beginning, Semler was by these times based in Munich, with a network of contacts from the Bavarian establishment that almost certainly included fellow CSU politician along with the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler inside a top administrative position inside the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because the representative of the Bremen senators to help chair the Borgward supervisory board would, in retrospect, contribute to the hot debate that followed the Borgward a bankruptcy proceeding.
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In 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the particular supervisory board joined the directors on the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for your establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for any court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the company to continue to trade while while doing so protecting the interests of creditors. [16] Two months afterwards, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath companies were declared bankrupt, followed in November because of the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” include suggested that Semler, for reasons of his own, never had any purpose of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses in order to survive.
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