Borgward is an automobile manufacturer originally started by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen within Germany, ceased operations in this 1960s. The Borgward group made four brands of vehicles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has given that been revived by Carl Borgward's grand son, Christian Borgward, together with his associate Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Far east investment, and unveiled the businesses first new car within over 40 years, the BX7 at the actual 2015 International Motor Show.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business resume 1905 with the place in nearby Varel from the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the inspiration in Bremen itself involving "Namag", maker of the Lloyd vehicle. These two businesses merged in 1914 to form the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and through the late 1920s faced bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator from the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented the possibility greatly to expand the scope of his vehicle business, and he took control from it.
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The first "automobile" Carl Borgward designed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (lightning cart), a sort of little three-wheeled van with a couple of hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success on the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget ordered for delivery. The Reichspost ordered quite a few for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the home of Hansa Lloyd AG having gotten to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Company. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had can't evolved into the however three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or perhaps 7 hp Goliath Pioneer. Borgward turned his care about the other businesses as well as led the development of the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the new Hansa Borgward 2000 in addition to in 1939 the name was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was and then the Borgward 2300that stayed in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a lot of the brand names from companies he had acquired in the past to found three individual companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the number of steel allocated to his business at any given time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the lenders would be run as being a single entity, but in a business operated with a man to whom delegation did not come naturally the expansion of legal entities on the other hand added unhelpful layers of complexity through the 1950s and encouraged a broadening on the range which eventually proved financially unsustainable with all the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company introduced the Borgward Hansa 1500.On the list of top engineers at Borgward coming from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella begun in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most widely used model and remained in production with the life of the business. In 1960 the Borgward P100 has been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a type of 1500 cc sports racers from the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these becoming a successful Formula Two power unit (which has been also used by a number of F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties from the German market such because air suspension and automatic transmission, the company had trouble competing out there. While larger companies similar to Opel and VW took benefit from economies of scale along with kept their prices low to realize market share, Borgward's cost structure was even above necessary for its sizing, as it basically controlled as four tiny independent companies and do not implemented such basic expense reduction strategies as joint development and parts sharing between your company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems as well. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced being a water-cooled boxer with front wheel drive, but plagued with problems like water leakage and gearbox mistakes. Lloyd lost money on the car just about the most was more expensive as compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pushed into liquidation by loan companies. Carl Borgward died in July 1963, still insisting the company have been technically solvent. This proved to be true inside the sense that after the particular creditors were paid 100 %, there was still some. 5 million Marks remaining from the business.
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Accounts of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in an article that appeared in Germany's leading news journal, “Der Spiegel” on 18 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repetitive Spiegel article was highlighted by way of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s the front cover. It was strongly critical of Carl Borgward's enterprise approach, and included many of the arguments later advanced to explain or justify the businesses demise. The widest range connected with cars from any manufacturer in Germany, produced by three until recently operationally autonomous companies (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) was supporting a turnover regarding only 650 million Signifies, placing the overall sales value on the combined Borgward auto organizations only in fifth location among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence with an increasingly manic proliferation connected with new and modified designs featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological inventions ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") presented rise to components which many times did not work, broke down or fell into apart, resulting in massive bills for pre-delivery remediation and/or submit delivery warranty work that found their long ago to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article hasn't been the only serious open criticism targeting Borgward right now: suddenly stridently negative (in the event more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild newspaper and in television reviews. Critical media commentaries additionally appeared concerning large loans towards the Borgward Group provided through the local Landesbank.It is apparent that this business was confronting cash-flow difficulties by the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for example auto manufacturing use the expensive machines and tools most efficiently when they use them constantly at full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside the 1950s/60s was more seasons than today, with sales diminishing with Winter, then peaking in earlier summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars by the end of 1960 was higher than usual, reflecting ambitious growth strategies, most obviously in respect of the usa market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that on the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered because of the North American dealers in 1960 (and on the 12, 000 delivered to these) 6, 000 might have to become taken back following a slump in North american demand. (Borgward was not the sole European auto maker hit with a North American slump successful for imported cars through 1960. In the same year two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned last mid-Atlantic because the docks in New york were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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Towards the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the bank for a further 1 million Marks of credit score, the loan to be backed by way of a guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators opted for provide. However, following the flood associated with critical press comment the actual senators withdrew their assure. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the organization itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported inside a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the particular senate’s terms on four February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy in the business.The Bremen Senate also insisted on appointing its very own nominee as chairman with the company’s supervisory board. The man they decided was Johannes Semler to whom reports generally describe being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in English, does less than full justice towards the breadth of Semler’s profession. He had studied legislation at university and worked initially like a lawyer. The scion of a leading Hamburg political family, in 1945 he received himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU get together, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 and 1953. Despite his Hamburg roots, Semler was by on this occasion based in Munich, with a network of contacts within the Bavarian establishment that possibly included fellow CSU politician plus the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in the top administrative position inside Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because representative of the Bremen senators to chair the Borgward supervisory aboard would, in retrospect, contribute to the dispute that followed the Borgward personal bankruptcy.
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With 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the actual supervisory board joined the directors on the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for that establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided to get a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business enterprise to continue to trade while while doing so protecting the interests connected with creditors. [16] Two months after, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath firms were declared bankrupt, followed in November through the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” include suggested that Semler, for reasons of her own, never had any goal of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to survive.
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