Borgward is usually an automobile manufacturer originally launched by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen inside Germany, ceased operations in the particular 1960s. The Borgward group created four brands of automobiles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has due to the fact been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his spouse Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese language investment, and unveiled the corporation's first new car throughout over 40 years, the BX7 at the particular 2015 International Motor Indicate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business go back to 1905 with the establishment in nearby Varel from the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the building blocks in Bremen itself associated with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd vehicle. These two businesses merged in 1914 to form the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economic situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and by the late 1920s faced chapter 7. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator with the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a possibility greatly to expand this scope of his auto business, and he took control of the usb ports.
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The initial "automobile" Carl Borgward designed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of teeny three-wheeled van with only two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success out there gap it filled. Traders with a small budget ordered for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the home of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the oppertunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had right now evolved into the however three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or maybe 7 hp Goliath Founder. Borgward turned his attention to the other businesses in addition to led the development in the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the fresh Hansa Borgward 2000 along with in 1939 the title was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was accompanied by the Borgward 2300that continued in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a number of the brand names from organizations he had acquired in the past to found three distinct companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quantity of steel allocated to his business each time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes nokia's would be run like a single entity, but in a business operated by way of man to whom delegation did not come naturally the spreading of legal entities nonetheless added unhelpful layers of complexity throughout the 1950s and encouraged a broadening from the range which finally proved financially unsustainable with the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company introduced the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of many top engineers at Borgward coming from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started out in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most in-demand model and remained in production for the life of the firm. In 1960 the Borgward P100 has been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a type of 1500 cc sports racers from the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these learning to be a successful Formula Two power unit (which was also used by a number of F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties within the German market such while air suspension and automatic transmission, the company had trouble competing in the market. While larger companies including Opel and VW took selling point of economies of scale and also kept their prices low to get market share, Borgward's cost structure was even above necessary for its measurement, as it basically controlled as four tiny independent companies and not implemented such basic expense reduction strategies as joint development and parts sharing between company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems at the same time. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as being a water-cooled boxer with entrance wheel drive, but plagued with problems like water leakage and gearbox glitches. Lloyd lost money on the car although it was more expensive in comparison with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was forced into liquidation by lenders. Carl Borgward died with July 1963, still insisting the company ended up technically solvent. This proved to be true from the sense that after the particular creditors were paid in full, there was still 4. 5 million Marks left from the business.
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Accounts of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in an article that appeared within Germany's leading news magazine, “Der Spiegel” on fourteen December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places recurring Spiegel article was highlighted with a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s the front cover. It was strongly crucial of Carl Borgward's enterprise approach, and included many of the arguments later advanced to describe or justify the firm's demise. The widest range connected with cars from any producer in Germany, produced by three right up until recently operationally autonomous firms (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) had been supporting a turnover connected with only 650 million Marks, placing the overall sales value from your combined Borgward auto corporations only in fifth place among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence on an increasingly manic proliferation of new and modified types featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological enhancements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") offered rise to components which many times did not work, broke down or fell apart, resulting in massive payments for pre-delivery remediation and/or submit delivery warranty work that found their sources that are to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article had not been the only serious open public criticism targeting Borgward at the moment: suddenly stridently negative (in the event that more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild classifieds and in television reports. Critical media commentaries furthermore appeared concerning large loans for the Borgward Group provided by the local Landesbank.It is apparent that this business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses such as auto manufacturing use their particular expensive machines and tools most efficiently when they use them constantly at full capacity, but the car market in Europe from the 1950s/60s was more in season than today, with sales diminishing throughout Winter, then peaking in their early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars at the end of 1960 was higher than usual, reflecting ambitious growth options, most obviously in respect of the united states market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that on the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered by the North American dealers with 1960 (and on the 12, 000 delivered to all of them) 6, 000 might have being taken back following a slump in North american demand. (Borgward was not the only real European auto maker hit with a North American slump popular for imported cars while in 1960. In the same year two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned last mid-Atlantic because the docks in Big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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Towards the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the financial institution for a further one million Marks of credit, the loan to be backed by way of a guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators decided provide. However, following the flood regarding critical press comment the actual senators withdrew their promise. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the organization itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in the still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the senate’s terms on four February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy with the business.The Bremen Senate in addition insisted on appointing a nominee as chairman in the company’s supervisory board. The man they decided was Johannes Semler who reports generally describe being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in to English, does less than full justice towards the breadth of Semler’s job. He had studied legislation at university and worked initially as being a lawyer. The scion of a leading Hamburg political family, in 1945 he acquired himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU party, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 and also 1953. Despite his Hamburg sources, Semler was by on this occasion based in Munich, with a network of contacts from the Bavarian establishment that most likely included fellow CSU politician and the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler inside a top administrative position inside the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler as the representative of the Bremen senators to be able to chair the Borgward supervisory panel would, in retrospect, contribute to the hot debate that followed the Borgward individual bankruptcy.
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On 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the actual supervisory board joined the directors on the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for your establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided to get a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the company to continue to trade while at the same time protecting the interests regarding creditors. [16] Two months later, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath companies were declared bankrupt, followed in November because of the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have suggested that Semler, for reasons of his or her own, never had any objective of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses in order to survive.
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