Borgward is an automobile manufacturer originally set up by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen inside Germany, ceased operations in the 1960s. The Borgward group created four brands of autos: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has given that been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his partner Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Oriental investment, and unveiled the firm's first new car in over 40 years, the BX7 at the actual 2015 International Motor Indicate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back on 1905 with the business in nearby Varel from the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the muse in Bremen itself regarding "Namag", maker of the Lloyd auto. These two businesses merged in 1914 to form the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economic situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and through the late 1920s faced bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator from the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented the possibility greatly to expand the scope of his auto business, and he took control of it.
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The initial "automobile" Carl Borgward designed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of tiny three-wheeled van with only two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success on the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget ordered for delivery. The Reichspost ordered most of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the home of Hansa Lloyd AG having been able to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had right now evolved into the however three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or 7 hp Goliath Founder. Borgward turned his awareness of the other businesses along with led the development on the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the completely new Hansa Borgward 2000 in addition to in 1939 the label was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was and then the Borgward 2300that remained in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a few of the brand names from corporations he had acquired over time to found three separate companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quality of steel allocated to his business at the same time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the businesses would be run to be a single entity, but in a business operated by the man to whom delegation did not come naturally the expansion of legal entities nevertheless added unhelpful layers of complexity with the 1950s and encouraged a broadening on the range which eventually proved financially unsustainable using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company displayed the Borgward Hansa 1500.On the list of top engineers at Borgward by 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella began in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's hottest model and remained in production for that life of the corporation. In 1960 the Borgward P100 seemed to be introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinct 1500 cc sports racers in the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these transforming into a successful Formula Two power unit (that is also used by some F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties from the German market such because air suspension and computerized transmission, the company had trouble competing available. While larger companies including Opel and VW took good thing about economies of scale and kept their prices low to find market share, Borgward's cost structure was even higher than necessary for its dimensions, as it basically controlled as four tiny independent companies rather than implemented such basic cost reduction strategies as articulation development and parts sharing between company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems likewise. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced to be a water-cooled boxer with top wheel drive, but plagued with problems for example water leakage and gearbox glitches. Lloyd lost money on the car just about the most was more expensive when compared with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pushed into liquidation by creditors. Carl Borgward died with July 1963, still insisting the company had been technically solvent. This proved to be true within the sense that after the actual creditors were paid completely, there was still some. 5 million Marks remaining from the business.
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Reports of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in a article that appeared throughout Germany's leading news magazine, “Der Spiegel” on fourteen December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeated Spiegel article was highlighted by means of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s front cover. It was strongly essential of Carl Borgward's company approach, and included many with the arguments later advanced to go into detail or justify the businesses demise. The widest range of cars from any supplier in Germany, produced by three till recently operationally autonomous businesses (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) was supporting a turnover associated with only 650 million Marks, placing the overall sales value from your combined Borgward auto organizations only in fifth situation among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence when using increasingly manic proliferation regarding new and modified versions featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovative developments ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") gave rise to components which many times did not work, broke down or dropped apart, resulting in massive payments for pre-delivery remediation and/or submit delivery warranty work that found their made use of to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article wasn't the only serious general public criticism targeting Borgward currently: suddenly stridently negative (in the event more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild paper and in television reports. Critical media commentaries furthermore appeared concerning large loans for the Borgward Group provided from the local Landesbank.It is apparent that this business was confronting cash-flow difficulties by the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses like auto manufacturing use their particular expensive machines and tools most efficiently should they use them constantly on full capacity, but the car market in Europe in the 1950s/60s was more seasonal than today, with sales diminishing inside Winter, then peaking in the first summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars towards the end of 1960 was greater than usual, reflecting ambitious growth plans, most obviously in respect of the united states market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that in the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered by the North American dealers with 1960 (and on the 12, 000 delivered to these individuals) 6, 000 might have to get taken back following a slump in North american demand. (Borgward was not the sole European auto maker hit by way of a North American slump sought after for imported cars in the course of 1960. In the same year two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back in mid-Atlantic because the docks in Ny were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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Towards the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lender for a further 1 million Marks of credit score, the loan to be backed with a guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators agreed to provide. However, following the flood regarding critical press comment the particular senators withdrew their assurance. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the company itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to your senate’s terms on 4 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy in the business.The Bremen Senate furthermore insisted on appointing a nominee as chairman from the company’s supervisory board. The man they select was Johannes Semler with whom reports generally describe as a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in to English, does less than full justice towards breadth of Semler’s profession. He had studied legislations at university and worked initially as being a lawyer. The scion of a number one Hamburg political family, in 1945 he acquired himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU get together, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 and also 1953. Despite his Hamburg sources, Semler was by now based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside the Bavarian establishment that almost certainly included fellow CSU politician and also the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler inside a top administrative position within the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler since the representative of the Bremen senators in order to chair the Borgward supervisory table would, in retrospect, contribute to the dispute that followed the Borgward personal bankruptcy.
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In 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the particular supervisory board joined the directors of the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings to the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for any court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling this company to continue to trade while while doing so protecting the interests of creditors. [16] Two months later on, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath companies were declared bankrupt, followed in November through the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” include suggested that Semler, for reasons of their own, never had any intent of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to help survive.
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