Borgward is surely an automobile manufacturer originally launched by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen with Germany, ceased operations in your 1960s. The Borgward group produced four brands of autos: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has given that been revived by Carl Borgward's grand son, Christian Borgward, together with his spouse Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from China investment, and unveiled the company's first new car with over 40 years, the BX7 at the actual 2015 International Motor Demonstrate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back to 1905 with the establishment in nearby Varel of the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the building blocks in Bremen itself regarding "Namag", maker of the Lloyd vehicle. These two businesses merged in 1914 to make the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial status then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and by the late 1920s faced a bankruptcy proceeding. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator from the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented an opportunity greatly to expand the actual scope of his automotive business, and he took control from it.
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The primary "automobile" Carl Borgward created was the 1924 Blitzkarren (lightning cart), a sort of teeny three-wheeled van with two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success already in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget ordered for delivery. The Reichspost ordered quite a few for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the movie director of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the opportunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Corp. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had chances are evolved into the even now three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 as well as 7 hp Goliath Leading. Borgward turned his care about the other businesses in addition to led the development in the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the new Hansa Borgward 2000 and also in 1939 the brand was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was followed by the Borgward 2300that always been in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a few of the brand names from firms he had acquired over the years to found three distinct companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quantity of steel allocated to his business during a period of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the companies would be run as a single entity, but in a business operated by way of a man to whom delegation did not come naturally the expansion of legal entities nevertheless added unhelpful layers of complexity from the 1950s and encouraged a broadening in the range which eventually proved financially unsustainable while using sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company offered the Borgward Hansa 1500.Among the top engineers at Borgward from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most in-demand model and remained in production with the life of the firm. In 1960 the Borgward P100 ended up being introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a type of 1500 cc sports racers within the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these becoming a successful Formula Two power unit (that has been also used by some F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside the German market such as air suspension and intelligent transmission, the company had trouble competing available. While larger companies such as Opel and VW took selling point of economies of scale as well as kept their prices low to get market share, Borgward's cost structure was even higher than necessary for its size, as it basically controlled as four tiny independent companies rather than implemented such basic cost reduction strategies as joint development and parts sharing relating to the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems at the same time. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced being a water-cooled boxer with top wheel drive, but plagued with problems including water leakage and gearbox errors. Lloyd lost money on the car even though it was more expensive when compared with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was required into liquidation by loan companies. Carl Borgward died within July 1963, still insisting the company were being technically solvent. This proved to be true within the sense that after the actual creditors were paid completely, there was still some. 5 million Marks left from the business.
Stories of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within the article that appeared within Germany's leading news publication, “Der Spiegel” on age 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places similar Spiegel article was highlighted by way of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s front cover. It was strongly essential of Carl Borgward's business approach, and included many on the arguments later advanced to describe or justify the company's demise. The widest range of cars from any maker in Germany, produced by three until eventually recently operationally autonomous companies (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) has been supporting a turnover involving only 650 million Grades, placing the overall sales value in the combined Borgward auto firms only in fifth placement among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence while on an increasingly manic proliferation of new and modified products featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological enhancements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") presented rise to components which too often did not work, broke down or droped apart, resulting in massive expenses for pre-delivery remediation and/or publish delivery warranty work that found their made use of to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article was not the only serious open criticism targeting Borgward right now: suddenly stridently negative (if more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild newspaper and in television studies. Critical media commentaries additionally appeared concerning large loans on the Borgward Group provided with the local Landesbank.It is apparent which the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties by the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses such as auto manufacturing use their own expensive machines and tools most efficiently as long as they use them constantly from full capacity, but the car market in Europe within the 1950s/60s was more periodic than today, with sales diminishing throughout Winter, then peaking in the first summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars right at the end of 1960 was higher than usual, reflecting ambitious growth plans, most obviously in respect of the united states market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that of the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered through the North American dealers inside 1960 (and with the 12, 000 delivered to them) 6, 000 might have being taken back following a slump in Us demand. (Borgward was not really the only European auto maker hit with a North American slump successful for imported cars throughout 1960. In the same yr two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back in mid-Atlantic because the docks in Big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
At the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the financial institution for a further 1 million Marks of credit score, the loan to be backed by the guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators decided to provide. However, following the flood associated with critical press comment the particular senators withdrew their promise. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the company itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported inside a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the actual senate’s terms on some February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy of the business.The Bremen Senate furthermore insisted on appointing a nominee as chairman on the company’s supervisory board. The man they select was Johannes Semler which reports generally describe being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated into English, does less than full justice towards breadth of Semler’s profession. He had studied legislation at university and worked initially as being a lawyer. The scion of a respected Hamburg political family, in 1945 he got himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU get together, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 along with 1953. Despite his Hamburg beginning, Semler was by on this occasion based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside Bavarian establishment that most likely included fellow CSU politician and also the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in the top administrative position inside Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler since the representative of the Bremen senators in order to chair the Borgward supervisory aboard would, in retrospect, contribute to the hot debate that followed the Borgward personal bankruptcy.
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With 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the supervisory board joined the directors with the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for just a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling this company to continue to trade while simultaneously protecting the interests associated with creditors. [16] Two months after, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath businesses were declared bankrupt, followed in November because of the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” get suggested that Semler, for reasons of his own, never had any intent of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to survive.
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