Borgward is surely an automobile manufacturer originally set up by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen inside Germany, ceased operations in the particular 1960s. The Borgward group generated four brands of vehicles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has considering that been revived by Carl Borgward's grandson, Christian Borgward, together with his companion Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Far east investment, and unveiled the company's first new car in over 40 years, the BX7 at your 2015 International Motor Present.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business go back to 1905 with the organization in nearby Varel of the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the building blocks in Bremen itself connected with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car or truck. These two businesses merged in 1914 to form the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial status then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and because of the late 1920s faced personal bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator from the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented an opportunity greatly to expand this scope of his automotive business, and he took control from it.
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The first "automobile" Carl Borgward intended was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of tiny three-wheeled van with only two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget purchased for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the director of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the opportunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Corp. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had can't evolved into the nevertheless three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or perhaps 7 hp Goliath Master. Borgward turned his focus on the other businesses in addition to led the development of the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the fresh Hansa Borgward 2000 in addition to in 1939 the title was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was and then the Borgward 2300that continued in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used many of the brand names from firms he had acquired over the years to found three different companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quality of steel allocated to his business at any given time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the lenders would be run being a single entity, but in a business operated with a man to whom delegation wouldn't come naturally the spreading of legal entities on the other hand added unhelpful layers of complexity through the 1950s and encouraged a broadening on the range which in the end proved financially unsustainable with all the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company shown the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of the top engineers at Borgward through 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella commenced in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most in-demand model and remained in production with the life of the company. In 1960 the Borgward P100 ended up being introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinct 1500 cc sports racers inside late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these being a successful Formula Two power unit (that has been also used by a few F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties in the German market such since air suspension and automated transmission, the company had trouble competing out there. While larger companies including Opel and VW took selling point of economies of scale as well as kept their prices low to achieve market share, Borgward's cost structure was even greater than necessary for its measurement, as it basically run as four tiny independent companies rather than implemented such basic charge reduction strategies as articulation development and parts sharing between the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems also. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced to be a water-cooled boxer with the front wheel drive, but plagued with problems including water leakage and gearbox secrets. Lloyd lost money on the car just about the most was more expensive as compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pressured into liquidation by credit card companies. Carl Borgward died inside July 1963, still insisting the company was technically solvent. This proved to be true inside sense that after the actual creditors were paid fully, there was still four. 5 million Marks left from the business.
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Studies of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in the article that appeared inside Germany's leading news journal, “Der Spiegel” on 15 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeated Spiegel article was highlighted by using a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s entrance cover. It was strongly crucial of Carl Borgward's organization approach, and included many with the arguments later advanced to describe or justify the business's demise. The widest range connected with cars from any company in Germany, produced by three until recently operationally autonomous businesses (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) ended up being supporting a turnover associated with only 650 million Signifies, placing the overall sales value on the combined Borgward auto businesses only in fifth situation among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence by using an increasingly manic proliferation associated with new and modified models featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovations ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") provided rise to components which all too often did not work, broke down or dropped apart, resulting in massive payments for pre-delivery remediation and/or post delivery warranty work that found their made use of to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article has not been the only serious general public criticism targeting Borgward right now: suddenly stridently negative (in the event that more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild paper and in television accounts. Critical media commentaries also appeared concerning large loans on the Borgward Group provided from the local Landesbank.It is apparent which the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses like auto manufacturing use the expensive machines and tools most efficiently should they use them constantly from full capacity, but the car market in Europe from the 1950s/60s was more in season than today, with sales diminishing throughout Winter, then peaking in the first summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars at the conclusion of 1960 was more than usual, reflecting ambitious growth programs, most obviously in respect of north america market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that of the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered from the North American dealers throughout 1960 (and in the 12, 000 delivered to these people) 6, 000 might have to become taken back following a slump in Us demand. (Borgward was not the sole European auto maker hit by the North American slump widely used for imported cars during 1960. In the same season two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back mid-Atlantic because the docks in Big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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At the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lending company for a further one particular million Marks of credit rating, the loan to be backed by way of guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators agreed to provide. However, following the flood of critical press comment this senators withdrew their ensure. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the corporation itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported within a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to your senate’s terms on 5 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy in the business.The Bremen Senate furthermore insisted on appointing its very own nominee as chairman on the company’s supervisory board. The man they decided to go with was Johannes Semler who reports generally describe to be a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated into English, does less than full justice towards breadth of Semler’s occupation. He had studied legislations at university and worked initially to be a lawyer. The scion of a leading Hamburg political family, in 1945 he got himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU celebration, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 in addition to 1953. Despite his Hamburg beginning, Semler was by these times based in Munich, with a network of contacts within the Bavarian establishment that almost certainly included fellow CSU politician along with the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler inside a top administrative position in the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler since the representative of the Bremen senators to help chair the Borgward supervisory aboard would, in retrospect, contribute to the debate that followed the Borgward individual bankruptcy.
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On 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the supervisory board joined the directors in the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for just a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling this company to continue to trade while as well protecting the interests of creditors. [16] Two months afterwards, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath corporations were declared bankrupt, followed in November through the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” get suggested that Semler, for reasons of her own, never had any purpose of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses for you to survive.
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