Borgward is an automobile manufacturer originally started by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen throughout Germany, ceased operations in the actual 1960s. The Borgward group produced four brands of cars: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has because been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his partner Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese language investment, and unveiled the company's first new car inside over 40 years, the BX7 at the particular 2015 International Motor Demonstrate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back to 1905 with the business in nearby Varel on the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the walls in Bremen itself involving "Namag", maker of the Lloyd automobile. These two businesses merged in 1914 in order to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial status then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and by the late 1920s faced a bankruptcy proceeding. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator with the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a chance greatly to expand your scope of his automotive business, and he took control of computer.
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The first "automobile" Carl Borgward intended was the 1924 Blitzkarren (lightning cart), a sort of tiny three-wheeled van with only two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success available in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget bought for delivery. The Reichspost ordered most of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the representative of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the oppertunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Company. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had chances are evolved into the however three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or even 7 hp Goliath Pioneer. Borgward turned his awareness of the other businesses in addition to led the development from the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand new Hansa Borgward 2000 as well as in 1939 the title was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was and then the Borgward 2300that remained in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a lot of the brand names from organizations he had acquired through the years to found three separate companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase how much steel allocated to his business at any given time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the firms would be run as being a single entity, but in a business operated by a man to whom delegation failed to come naturally the spreading of legal entities on the other hand added unhelpful layers of complexity through the 1950s and encouraged a broadening with the range which eventually proved financially unsustainable using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company shown the Borgward Hansa 1500.On the list of top engineers at Borgward from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella began in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most favored model and remained in production for the life of the corporation. In 1960 the Borgward P100 had been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a type of 1500 cc sports racers inside the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these being a successful Formula Two power unit (which has been also used by many F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside the German market such since air suspension and automated transmission, the company had trouble competing available on the market. While larger companies such as Opel and VW took advantage of economies of scale and kept their prices low to gain market share, Borgward's cost structure was even above necessary for its size, as it basically operated as four tiny independent companies and do not implemented such basic price tag reduction strategies as mutual development and parts sharing relating to the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems at the same time. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced to be a water-cooled boxer with entry wheel drive, but plagued with problems for example water leakage and gearbox snags. Lloyd lost money on the car community . was more expensive compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was forced into liquidation by collectors. Carl Borgward died throughout July 1963, still insisting the company was technically solvent. This proved to be true in the sense that after the creditors were paid in full, there was still some. 5 million Marks left from the business.
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Reports of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in an article that appeared in Germany's leading news mag, “Der Spiegel” on 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places recurring Spiegel article was highlighted by using a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s top cover. It was strongly crucial of Carl Borgward's business approach, and included many of the arguments later advanced to explain or justify the firm's demise. The widest range associated with cars from any maker in Germany, produced by three until eventually recently operationally autonomous companies (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) was supporting a turnover of only 650 million Signifies, placing the overall sales value through the combined Borgward auto corporations only in fifth position among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence with an increasingly manic proliferation connected with new and modified types featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovations ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") afforded rise to components which excessively did not work, broke down or fell apart, resulting in massive bills for pre-delivery remediation and/or publish delivery warranty work that found their in the past to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article has not been the only serious community criticism targeting Borgward at this time: suddenly stridently negative (when more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild newspapers and in television reports. Critical media commentaries also appeared concerning large loans towards Borgward Group provided because of the local Landesbank.It is apparent that this business was confronting cash-flow difficulties right at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for instance auto manufacturing use their particular expensive machines and tools most efficiently as long as they use them constantly on full capacity, but the car market in Europe in the 1950s/60s was more seasonal than today, with sales diminishing in Winter, then peaking in their early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars right at the end of 1960 was beyond usual, reflecting ambitious growth strategies, most obviously in respect of the united states market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that from the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered with the North American dealers in 1960 (and of the 12, 000 delivered to all of them) 6, 000 might have to be taken back following a slump in North american demand. (Borgward was not really the only European auto maker hit by way of a North American slump in demand for imported cars through 1960. In the same 12 months two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned in mid-Atlantic because the docks in Ny were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
By the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lender for a further one million Marks of credit score, the loan to be backed with a guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators consented to provide. However, following the flood regarding critical press comment the actual senators withdrew their promise. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge this company itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in the still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the actual senate’s terms on 4 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy from the business.The Bremen Senate furthermore insisted on appointing a unique nominee as chairman with the company’s supervisory board. The man they select was Johannes Semler whom reports generally describe as being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated directly into English, does less than full justice to the breadth of Semler’s occupation. He had studied rules at university and worked initially like a lawyer. The scion of a leading Hamburg political family, in 1945 he received himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU party, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 as well as 1953. Despite his Hamburg beginnings, Semler was by these times based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside the Bavarian establishment that almost certainly included fellow CSU politician as well as the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler inside a top administrative position within the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because the representative of the Bremen senators to chair the Borgward supervisory table would, in retrospect, contribute to the debate that followed the Borgward individual bankruptcy.
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In 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of this supervisory board joined the directors in the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings with the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided to get a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the organization to continue to trade while concurrently protecting the interests involving creditors. [16] Two months in the future, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath businesses were declared bankrupt, followed in November because of the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have got suggested that Semler, for reasons of his very own, never had any goal of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to help survive.
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