Borgward is an automobile manufacturer originally launched by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen in Germany, ceased operations in the 1960s. The Borgward group generated four brands of cars and trucks: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has since been revived by Carl Borgward's grandson, Christian Borgward, together with his companion Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese language investment, and unveiled the company's first new car in over 40 years, the BX7 at this 2015 International Motor Present.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back to 1905 with the institution in nearby Varel with the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the walls in Bremen itself associated with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd automobile. These two businesses merged in 1914 to make the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economic situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and from the late 1920s faced personal bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator from the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a chance greatly to expand your scope of his automotive business, and he took control of computer.
The primary "automobile" Carl Borgward intended was the 1924 Blitzkarren (turbo cart), a sort of little three-wheeled van with 2 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success already in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget purchased for delivery. The Reichspost ordered most of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the representative of Hansa Lloyd AG having had time to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Corp. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had chances are evolved into the still three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or 7 hp Goliath Pioneer. Borgward turned his attention to the other businesses and also led the development from the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand-new Hansa Borgward 2000 and also in 1939 the brand was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was as well as the Borgward 2300that continued in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used some of the brand names from organizations he had acquired in the past to found three independent companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the amount of steel allocated to his business at the same time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the businesses would be run as being a single entity, but in a business operated by way of a man to whom delegation did not come naturally the spreading of legal entities nonetheless added unhelpful layers of complexity from the 1950s and encouraged a broadening of the range which eventually proved financially unsustainable with the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company introduced the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of several top engineers at Borgward by 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's hottest model and remained in production with the life of the company. In 1960 the Borgward P100 has been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinctive line of 1500 cc sports racers within the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these becoming a successful Formula Two power unit (which has been also used by a number of F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties in the German market such since air suspension and programmed transmission, the company had trouble competing available. While larger companies like Opel and VW took good thing about economies of scale in addition to kept their prices low to gain market share, Borgward's cost structure was even more than necessary for its dimensions, as it basically operated as four tiny independent companies and never implemented such basic expense reduction strategies as articulation development and parts sharing relating to the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems too. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced being a water-cooled boxer with the front wheel drive, but plagued with problems such as water leakage and gearbox secrets. Lloyd lost money on the car though it was more expensive when compared with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was required into liquidation by credit card companies. Carl Borgward died in July 1963, still insisting the company had been technically solvent. This proved to be true from the sense that after the actual creditors were paid in full, there was still several. 5 million Marks remaining from the business.
Studies of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within an article that appeared with Germany's leading news journal, “Der Spiegel” on 18 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repetitive Spiegel article was highlighted by using a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s entry cover. It was strongly vital of Carl Borgward's small business approach, and included many on the arguments later advanced to explain or justify the businesses demise. The widest range involving cars from any supplier in Germany, produced by three until recently operationally autonomous corporations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) had been supporting a turnover regarding only 650 million Marks, placing the overall sales value from the combined Borgward auto companies only in fifth place among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence with an increasingly manic proliferation connected with new and modified types featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovations ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") afforded rise to components which all too often did not work, broke down or droped apart, resulting in massive payments for pre-delivery remediation and/or publish delivery warranty work that found their in the past to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article has not been the only serious community criticism targeting Borgward currently: suddenly stridently negative (in the event that more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild paper and in television stories. Critical media commentaries furthermore appeared concerning large loans for the Borgward Group provided from the local Landesbank.It is apparent that this business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the conclusion of 1960. Capital intensive businesses like auto manufacturing use his or her expensive machines and tools most efficiently as long as they use them constantly in full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside 1950s/60s was more in season than today, with sales diminishing within Winter, then peaking in early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars at the conclusion of 1960 was greater than usual, reflecting ambitious growth plans, most obviously in respect of north america market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that from the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered with the North American dealers in 1960 (and in the 12, 000 delivered to these people) 6, 000 might have to become taken back following a slump in American demand. (Borgward was not the only real European auto maker hit by way of a North American slump widely used for imported cars while in 1960. In the same season two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back mid-Atlantic because the docks in The big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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By the end of December 1960 Borgward approached your banker for a further one million Marks of credit ratings, the loan to be backed by way of a guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators decided to provide. However, following the flood connected with critical press comment this senators withdrew their ensure. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the company itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported within a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the actual senate’s terms on 4 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy from the business.The Bremen Senate furthermore insisted on appointing its own nominee as chairman on the company’s supervisory board. The man they chose was Johannes Semler who reports generally describe as a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in to English, does less than full justice towards breadth of Semler’s job. He had studied regulation at university and worked initially like a lawyer. The scion of a top Hamburg political family, in 1945 he experienced himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU get together, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 and 1953. Despite his Hamburg origins, Semler was by this time around based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside Bavarian establishment that likely included fellow CSU politician and the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a top administrative position inside Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because representative of the Bremen senators to chair the Borgward supervisory aboard would, in retrospect, contribute to the dispute that followed the Borgward personal bankruptcy.
About 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the supervisory board joined the directors of the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings to the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for the court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business enterprise to continue to trade while while doing so protecting the interests regarding creditors. [16] Two months in the future, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath businesses were declared bankrupt, followed in November through the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have got suggested that Semler, for reasons of his very own, never had any goal of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to survive.
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