Borgward is an automobile manufacturer originally set up by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen throughout Germany, ceased operations in the 1960s. The Borgward group made four brands of cars: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has since been revived by Carl Borgward's grand son, Christian Borgward, together with his spouse Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Oriental investment, and unveiled the businesses first new car inside over 40 years, the BX7 at the actual 2015 International Motor Demonstrate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business return to 1905 with the organization in nearby Varel with the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the foundation in Bremen itself associated with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd vehicle. These two businesses merged in 1914 to make the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial crisis then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and with the late 1920s faced bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator on the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a possibility greatly to expand the actual scope of his auto business, and he took control of the usb ports.
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The first "automobile" Carl Borgward designed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of tiny three-wheeled van with two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success already in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget got it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered quite a few for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the representative of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the oppertunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had right now evolved into the still three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or perhaps 7 hp Goliath Leader. Borgward turned his focus on the other businesses along with led the development from the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the completely new Hansa Borgward 2000 as well as in 1939 the label was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was then the Borgward 2300that always been in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a number of the brand names from businesses he had acquired through the years to found three separate companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the number of steel allocated to his business at any given time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the companies would be run like a single entity, but in a business operated by a man to whom delegation didn't come naturally the expansion of legal entities on the other hand added unhelpful layers of complexity from the 1950s and encouraged a broadening of the range which ultimately proved financially unsustainable while using sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company displayed the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of many top engineers at Borgward by 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella commenced in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most popular model and remained in production for your life of the organization. In 1960 the Borgward P100 seemed to be introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinct 1500 cc sports racers from the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these becoming a successful Formula Two power unit (which has been also used by several F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside German market such seeing that air suspension and computerized transmission, the company had trouble competing in the marketplace. While larger companies like Opel and VW took good thing about economies of scale along with kept their prices low to achieve market share, Borgward's cost structure was even beyond necessary for its measurement, as it basically controlled as four tiny independent companies and don't implemented such basic price reduction strategies as joint development and parts sharing between the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems at the same time. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced being a water-cooled boxer with top wheel drive, but plagued with problems like water leakage and gearbox secrets. Lloyd lost money on the car community . was more expensive as compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was compelled into liquidation by credit card companies. Carl Borgward died within July 1963, still insisting the company had been technically solvent. This proved to be true from the sense that after your creditors were paid in full, there was still four. 5 million Marks left from the business.
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Stories of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in an article that appeared with Germany's leading news magazine, “Der Spiegel” on age 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeated Spiegel article was highlighted through a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s top cover. It was strongly important of Carl Borgward's organization approach, and included many in the arguments later advanced to describe or justify the businesses demise. The widest range involving cars from any company in Germany, produced by three until eventually recently operationally autonomous companies (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) ended up being supporting a turnover connected with only 650 million Scars, placing the overall sales value on the combined Borgward auto companies only in fifth situation among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence with an increasingly manic proliferation of new and modified models featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological improvements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") gave rise to components which too much did not work, broke down or dropped apart, resulting in massive expenses for pre-delivery remediation and/or post delivery warranty work that found their in the past to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article had not been the only serious open criticism targeting Borgward currently: suddenly stridently negative (if more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild newspaper and in television accounts. Critical media commentaries additionally appeared concerning large loans towards Borgward Group provided because of the local Landesbank.It is apparent that this business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for instance auto manufacturing use their own expensive machines and tools most efficiently should they use them constantly with full capacity, but the car market in Europe from the 1950s/60s was more in season than today, with sales diminishing with Winter, then peaking in early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars at the end of 1960 was beyond usual, reflecting ambitious growth programs, most obviously in respect of the us market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that on the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered because of the North American dealers throughout 1960 (and on the 12, 000 delivered to these people) 6, 000 might have to become taken back following a slump in United states demand. (Borgward was not the one European auto maker hit by the North American slump in demand for imported cars through 1960. In the same season two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned the government financial aid mid-Atlantic because the docks in New york were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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At the conclusion of December 1960 Borgward approached your banker for a further 1 million Marks of credit history, the loan to be backed with a guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators decided provide. However, following the flood of critical press comment the actual senators withdrew their guarantee. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge this company itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported inside a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to this senate’s terms on 5 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy of the business.The Bremen Senate additionally insisted on appointing its own nominee as chairman with the company’s supervisory board. The man they decided to go with was Johannes Semler to whom reports generally describe being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in English, does less than full justice towards breadth of Semler’s career. He had studied rules at university and worked initially as a lawyer. The scion of a number one Hamburg political family, in 1945 he had himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU party, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 in addition to 1953. Despite his Hamburg beginnings, Semler was by on this occasion based in Munich, with a network of contacts in the Bavarian establishment that probably included fellow CSU politician as well as the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a very top administrative position inside Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because representative of the Bremen senators to help chair the Borgward supervisory table would, in retrospect, contribute to the controversy that followed the Borgward personal bankruptcy.
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Upon 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the particular supervisory board joined the directors of the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for any court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business enterprise to continue to trade while as well protecting the interests associated with creditors. [16] Two months after, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath organizations were declared bankrupt, followed in November by the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” get suggested that Semler, for reasons of their own, never had any goal of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses for you to survive.
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