Borgward is an automobile manufacturer originally set up by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen inside Germany, ceased operations in this 1960s. The Borgward group generated four brands of automobiles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has because been revived by Carl Borgward's grand son, Christian Borgward, together with his spouse Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Far east investment, and unveiled the business's first new car throughout over 40 years, the BX7 at the actual 2015 International Motor Display.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business resume 1905 with the organization in nearby Varel in the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the foundation in Bremen itself involving "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car or truck. These two businesses merged in 1914 to make the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial crisis then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and through the late 1920s faced bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator with the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a chance greatly to expand the scope of his car business, and he took control than it.
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The primary "automobile" Carl Borgward developed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (lightning cart), a sort of very small three-wheeled van with 3 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget purchased for delivery. The Reichspost ordered quite a few for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the representative of Hansa Lloyd AG having been able to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had by now evolved into the nevertheless three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or perhaps 7 hp Goliath Founder. Borgward turned his attention to the other businesses and also led the development with the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand new Hansa Borgward 2000 as well as in 1939 the name was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was followed by the Borgward 2300that continued in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used some of the brand names from companies he had acquired over time to found three separate companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quality of steel allocated to his business at the same time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the businesses would be run as being a single entity, but in a business operated by way of man to whom delegation didn't come naturally the expansion of legal entities nevertheless added unhelpful layers of complexity from the 1950s and encouraged a broadening in the range which eventually proved financially unsustainable with the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company displayed the Borgward Hansa 1500.Among the top engineers at Borgward through 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella commenced in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most popular model and remained in production to the life of the corporation. In 1960 the Borgward P100 ended up being introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinct 1500 cc sports racers inside the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these being a successful Formula Two power unit (which was also used by a few F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties from the German market such as air suspension and automatic transmission, the company had trouble competing in the marketplace. While larger companies such as Opel and VW took benefit of economies of scale and also kept their prices low to find market share, Borgward's cost structure was even above necessary for its measurement, as it basically operated as four tiny independent companies and never implemented such basic charge reduction strategies as articulation development and parts sharing relating to the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems as well. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as being a water-cooled boxer with front wheel drive, but plagued with problems for example water leakage and gearbox errors. Lloyd lost money on the car even though it was more expensive compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pressured into liquidation by lenders. Carl Borgward died within July 1963, still insisting the company was technically solvent. This proved to be true inside sense that after the creditors were paid completely, there was still 4. 5 million Marks left over from the business.
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Reviews of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in a article that appeared throughout Germany's leading news publication, “Der Spiegel” on age 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places similar Spiegel article was highlighted by using a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s the front cover. It was strongly critical of Carl Borgward's organization approach, and included many on the arguments later advanced to describe or justify the company's demise. The widest range of cars from any manufacturer in Germany, produced by three until finally recently operationally autonomous corporations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) ended up being supporting a turnover connected with only 650 million Scars, placing the overall sales value from the combined Borgward auto businesses only in fifth situation among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence while on an increasingly manic proliferation involving new and modified types featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovative developments ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") offered rise to components which all too often did not work, broke down or droped apart, resulting in massive bills for pre-delivery remediation and/or publish delivery warranty work that found their long ago to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article has not been the only serious open criticism targeting Borgward presently: suddenly stridently negative (in the event that more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild newspapers and in television reports. Critical media commentaries also appeared concerning large loans on the Borgward Group provided with the local Landesbank.It is apparent that the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for instance auto manufacturing use the expensive machines and tools most efficiently should they use them constantly on full capacity, but the car market in Europe from the 1950s/60s was more seasonal than today, with sales diminishing throughout Winter, then peaking in the first summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars at the end of 1960 was greater than usual, reflecting ambitious growth plans, most obviously in respect of the usa market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that of the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered through the North American dealers with 1960 (and of the 12, 000 delivered to these people) 6, 000 might have to get taken back following a slump in United states demand. (Borgward was not the only European auto maker hit with a North American slump widely used for imported cars while in 1960. In the same calendar year two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back mid-Atlantic because the docks in New york were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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Towards the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the financial institution for a further just one million Marks of credit score, the loan to be backed with a guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators agreed to provide. However, following the flood connected with critical press comment your senators withdrew their guarantee. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the company itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to this senate’s terms on some February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy in the business.The Bremen Senate furthermore insisted on appointing its very own nominee as chairman in the company’s supervisory board. The man they chose was Johannes Semler which reports generally describe as a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated directly into English, does less than full justice towards breadth of Semler’s profession. He had studied rules at university and worked initially like a lawyer. The scion of a top Hamburg political family, in 1945 he had himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU party, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 in addition to 1953. Despite his Hamburg beginning, Semler was by now based in Munich, with a network of contacts within the Bavarian establishment that likely included fellow CSU politician along with the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler within a top administrative position in the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because the representative of the Bremen senators to chair the Borgward supervisory mother board would, in retrospect, contribute to the dispute that followed the Borgward individual bankruptcy.
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About 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the particular supervisory board joined the directors with the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for that establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided to get a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the organization to continue to trade while while doing so protecting the interests involving creditors. [16] Two months later, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath corporations were declared bankrupt, followed in November by the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have got suggested that Semler, for reasons of his very own, never had any goal of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to be able to survive.
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