Borgward is an automobile manufacturer originally started by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen throughout Germany, ceased operations in the 1960s. The Borgward group developed four brands of cars: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has because been revived by Carl Borgward's grandson, Christian Borgward, together with his associate Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Oriental investment, and unveiled the corporation's first new car throughout over 40 years, the BX7 at the particular 2015 International Motor Demonstrate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back on 1905 with the business in nearby Varel with the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the inspiration in Bremen itself connected with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd automobile. These two businesses merged in 1914 in order to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and through the late 1920s faced personal bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator of the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented an opportunity greatly to expand the particular scope of his vehicle business, and he took control of the usb ports.
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The 1st "automobile" Carl Borgward developed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (turbo cart), a sort of little three-wheeled van with a couple of hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget purchased for delivery. The Reichspost ordered most of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the representative of Hansa Lloyd AG having gotten to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Corp. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had nowadays evolved into the still three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or 7 hp Goliath Leader. Borgward turned his focus on the other businesses and also led the development with the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand new Hansa Borgward 2000 along with in 1939 the title was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was then the Borgward 2300that continued to be in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a number of the brand names from businesses he had acquired through the years to found three independent companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quality of steel allocated to his business at any given time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the businesses would be run to be a single entity, but in a business operated with a man to whom delegation did not come naturally the expansion of legal entities even so added unhelpful layers of complexity throughout the 1950s and encouraged a broadening from the range which ultimately proved financially unsustainable while using sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company introduced the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of many top engineers at Borgward by 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella began in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's hottest model and remained in production to the life of the organization. In 1960 the Borgward P100 had been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a brand of 1500 cc sports racers inside late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these being a successful Formula Two power unit (which was also used by a few F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside German market such while air suspension and programmed transmission, the company had trouble competing out there. While larger companies similar to Opel and VW took good thing about economies of scale in addition to kept their prices low to realize market share, Borgward's cost structure was even beyond necessary for its dimension, as it basically managed as four tiny independent companies and don't implemented such basic price reduction strategies as mutual development and parts sharing relating to the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems as well. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as being a water-cooled boxer with front wheel drive, but plagued with problems for example water leakage and gearbox secrets. Lloyd lost money on the car just about the most was more expensive when compared with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pressured into liquidation by loan companies. Carl Borgward died in July 1963, still insisting the company ended up technically solvent. This proved to be true within the sense that after the particular creditors were paid 100 %, there was still four. 5 million Marks left over from the business.
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Studies of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within an article that appeared in Germany's leading news journal, “Der Spiegel” on age 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places recurring Spiegel article was highlighted with a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s entry cover. It was strongly crucial of Carl Borgward's organization approach, and included many with the arguments later advanced to spell out or justify the businesses demise. The widest range regarding cars from any maker in Germany, produced by three until recently operationally autonomous firms (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) seemed to be supporting a turnover of only 650 million Grades, placing the overall sales value through the combined Borgward auto organizations only in fifth situation among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence with an increasingly manic proliferation of new and modified versions featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological inventions ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") provided rise to components which excessively did not work, broke down or chop down apart, resulting in massive expenses for pre-delivery remediation and/or post delivery warranty work that found their made use of to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article has not been the only serious general public criticism targeting Borgward at the moment: suddenly stridently negative (in case more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild classifieds and in television accounts. Critical media commentaries additionally appeared concerning large loans towards Borgward Group provided through the local Landesbank.It is apparent that the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties by the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses including auto manufacturing use their expensive machines and tools most efficiently whenever they use them constantly from full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside the 1950s/60s was more periodic than today, with sales diminishing throughout Winter, then peaking in the early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars towards the end of 1960 was greater than usual, reflecting ambitious growth options, most obviously in respect of the usa market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that from the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered because of the North American dealers in 1960 (and on the 12, 000 delivered to these individuals) 6, 000 might have for being taken back following a slump in Us demand. (Borgward was not really the only European auto maker hit with a North American slump sought after for imported cars through 1960. In the same year two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned in mid-Atlantic because the docks in Nyc were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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Right at the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lender for a further 1 million Marks of credit, the loan to be backed by the guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators consented to provide. However, following the flood of critical press comment the particular senators withdrew their ensure. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the business itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported within a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to this senate’s terms on 4 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy in the business.The Bremen Senate furthermore insisted on appointing a nominee as chairman on the company’s supervisory board. The man they decided was Johannes Semler who reports generally describe as being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated into English, does less than full justice towards the breadth of Semler’s job. He had studied legislations at university and worked initially as a lawyer. The scion of a top Hamburg political family, in 1945 he received himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU bash, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 as well as 1953. Despite his Hamburg roots, Semler was by now based in Munich, with a network of contacts within the Bavarian establishment that likely included fellow CSU politician along with the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a top administrative position in the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler for the reason that representative of the Bremen senators to be able to chair the Borgward supervisory mother board would, in retrospect, contribute to the controversy that followed the Borgward individual bankruptcy.
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Upon 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of this supervisory board joined the directors from the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for that establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business to continue to trade while concurrently protecting the interests of creditors. [16] Two months in the future, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath companies were declared bankrupt, followed in November by the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” include suggested that Semler, for reasons of his or her own, never had any intention of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses for you to survive.
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