Borgward is usually an automobile manufacturer originally founded by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen within Germany, ceased operations in the particular 1960s. The Borgward group created four brands of vehicles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has due to the fact been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his partner Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from China investment, and unveiled the corporation's first new car with over 40 years, the BX7 at your 2015 International Motor Demonstrate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back to 1905 with the place in nearby Varel in the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the foundation in Bremen itself regarding "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car. These two businesses merged in 1914 to form the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and through the late 1920s faced chapter 7. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator of the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a possibility greatly to expand the scope of his auto business, and he took control of it.
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The 1st "automobile" Carl Borgward intended was the 1924 Blitzkarren (turbo cart), a sort of tiny three-wheeled van with only two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget bought it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the movie director of Hansa Lloyd AG having gotten to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Corp. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had nowadays evolved into the however three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or even 7 hp Goliath Master. Borgward turned his attention to the other businesses as well as led the development of the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the fresh Hansa Borgward 2000 as well as in 1939 the title was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was and then the Borgward 2300that always been in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used some of the brand names from companies he had acquired in the past to found three separate companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the amount of steel allocated to his business at a time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the companies would be run like a single entity, but in a business operated by the man to whom delegation failed to come naturally the growth of legal entities nevertheless added unhelpful layers of complexity with the 1950s and encouraged a broadening in the range which finally proved financially unsustainable with the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company presented the Borgward Hansa 1500.Among the top engineers at Borgward coming from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella begun in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's hottest model and remained in production to the life of the business. In 1960 the Borgward P100 had been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinct 1500 cc sports racers within the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these learning to be a successful Formula Two power unit (that was also used by a few F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside German market such while air suspension and intelligent transmission, the company had trouble competing available. While larger companies like Opel and VW took good thing about economies of scale and also kept their prices low to achieve market share, Borgward's cost structure was even more than necessary for its dimension, as it basically controlled as four tiny independent companies and not implemented such basic expense reduction strategies as shared development and parts sharing relating to the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems also. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as a water-cooled boxer with top wheel drive, but plagued with problems for example water leakage and gearbox glitches. Lloyd lost money on the car even though it was more expensive as compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was required into liquidation by creditors. Carl Borgward died inside July 1963, still insisting the company had been technically solvent. This proved to be true inside sense that after the creditors were paid completely, there was still some. 5 million Marks left from the business.
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Reports of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in a article that appeared throughout Germany's leading news newspaper, “Der Spiegel” on 18 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places recurring Spiegel article was highlighted by way of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s entrance cover. It was strongly important of Carl Borgward's small business approach, and included many of the arguments later advanced to go into detail or justify the businesses demise. The widest range associated with cars from any maker in Germany, produced by three till recently operationally autonomous businesses (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) was supporting a turnover regarding only 650 million Grades, placing the overall sales value through the combined Borgward auto firms only in fifth position among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence on an increasingly manic proliferation regarding new and modified versions featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological improvements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") gave rise to components which all too often did not work, broke down or droped apart, resulting in massive expenses for pre-delivery remediation and/or write-up delivery warranty work that found their in the past to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article was not the only serious public criticism targeting Borgward presently: suddenly stridently negative (in the event more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild magazine and in television stories. Critical media commentaries in addition appeared concerning large loans towards the Borgward Group provided because of the local Landesbank.It is apparent how the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses like auto manufacturing use the expensive machines and tools most efficiently whenever they use them constantly on full capacity, but the car market in Europe in the 1950s/60s was more periodic than today, with sales diminishing in Winter, then peaking in the early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars right at the end of 1960 was more than usual, reflecting ambitious growth options, most obviously in respect of the usa market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that from the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered with the North American dealers inside 1960 (and in the 12, 000 delivered to all of them) 6, 000 might have for being taken back following a slump in Us demand. (Borgward was not the only European auto maker hit by way of North American slump successful for imported cars throughout 1960. In the same year two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back mid-Atlantic because the docks in Nyc were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
By the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the financial institution for a further 1 million Marks of credit ratings, the loan to be backed by a guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators decided provide. However, following the flood involving critical press comment the particular senators withdrew their assure. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the business itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to your senate’s terms on 5 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy of the business.The Bremen Senate additionally insisted on appointing a nominee as chairman on the company’s supervisory board. The man they select was Johannes Semler whom reports generally describe to be a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in to English, does less than full justice for the breadth of Semler’s occupation. He had studied legislation at university and worked initially like a lawyer. The scion of a top Hamburg political family, in 1945 he received himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU party, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 and also 1953. Despite his Hamburg roots, Semler was by this time based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside the Bavarian establishment that almost certainly included fellow CSU politician as well as the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a very top administrative position in the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because the representative of the Bremen senators for you to chair the Borgward supervisory aboard would, in retrospect, contribute to the conflict that followed the Borgward a bankruptcy proceeding.
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In 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the supervisory board joined the directors in the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings to the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business enterprise to continue to trade while while doing so protecting the interests associated with creditors. [16] Two months later on, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath organizations were declared bankrupt, followed in November from the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have suggested that Semler, for reasons of his or her own, never had any goal of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses for you to survive.
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