Borgward is surely an automobile manufacturer originally created by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen within Germany, ceased operations in your 1960s. The Borgward group generated four brands of vehicles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has given that been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his partner Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from China investment, and unveiled the corporation's first new car throughout over 40 years, the BX7 at this 2015 International Motor Indicate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back on 1905 with the organization in nearby Varel with the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the foundation in Bremen itself of "Namag", maker of the Lloyd vehicle. These two businesses merged in 1914 in order to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial status then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and with the late 1920s faced bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator from the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented an opportunity greatly to expand this scope of his car business, and he took control of it.
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The primary "automobile" Carl Borgward created was the 1924 Blitzkarren (lightning cart), a sort of small three-wheeled van with 3 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget bought it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the movie director of Hansa Lloyd AG having had time to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Company. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had right now evolved into the still three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or even 7 hp Goliath Master. Borgward turned his focus on the other businesses and led the development on the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand new Hansa Borgward 2000 and also in 1939 the name was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was followed by the Borgward 2300that stayed in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a number of the brand names from organizations he had acquired through the years to found three different companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quality of steel allocated to his business at any given time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the companies would be run being a single entity, but in a business operated by way of man to whom delegation would not come naturally the spreading of legal entities nevertheless added unhelpful layers of complexity with the 1950s and encouraged a broadening of the range which finally proved financially unsustainable while using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company introduced the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of several top engineers at Borgward by 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started out in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most popular model and remained in production for your life of the business. In 1960 the Borgward P100 had been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a line of 1500 cc sports racers inside late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these learning to be a successful Formula Two power unit (that has been also used by some F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties from the German market such while air suspension and automatic transmission, the company had trouble competing out there. While larger companies such as Opel and VW took good thing about economies of scale in addition to kept their prices low to realize market share, Borgward's cost structure was even more than necessary for its sizing, as it basically operated as four tiny independent companies rather than implemented such basic expense reduction strategies as articulation development and parts sharing relating to the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems likewise. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced to be a water-cooled boxer with entrance wheel drive, but plagued with problems such as water leakage and gearbox snags. Lloyd lost money on the car community . was more expensive in comparison with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pushed into liquidation by collectors. Carl Borgward died in July 1963, still insisting the company ended up technically solvent. This proved to be true within the sense that after the actual creditors were paid completely, there was still four. 5 million Marks left over from the business.
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Stories of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within an article that appeared throughout Germany's leading news publication, “Der Spiegel” on age 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeated Spiegel article was highlighted through a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s front cover. It was strongly crucial of Carl Borgward's organization approach, and included many from the arguments later advanced to spell out or justify the corporation's demise. The widest range associated with cars from any producer in Germany, produced by three until recently operationally autonomous organizations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) had been supporting a turnover associated with only 650 million Scars, placing the overall sales value through the combined Borgward auto companies only in fifth place among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence when using increasingly manic proliferation involving new and modified versions featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovative developments ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") afforded rise to components which too often did not work, broke down or droped apart, resulting in massive costs for pre-delivery remediation and/or post delivery warranty work that found their long ago to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article has not been the only serious open public criticism targeting Borgward at this time: suddenly stridently negative (if more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild paper and in television reports. Critical media commentaries likewise appeared concerning large loans on the Borgward Group provided from the local Landesbank.It is apparent which the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses such as auto manufacturing use the expensive machines and tools most efficiently whenever they use them constantly in full capacity, but the car market in Europe in the 1950s/60s was more seasonal than today, with sales diminishing throughout Winter, then peaking in early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars by the end of 1960 was more than usual, reflecting ambitious growth ideas, most obviously in respect of the usa market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that on the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered by the North American dealers with 1960 (and in the 12, 000 delivered to these people) 6, 000 might have being taken back following a slump in United states demand. (Borgward was not the one European auto maker hit by a North American slump widely used for imported cars throughout 1960. In the same 12 months two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned in mid-Atlantic because the docks in The big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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By the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lender for a further 1 million Marks of credit rating, the loan to be backed by way of guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators agreed to provide. However, following the flood connected with critical press comment the particular senators withdrew their promise. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the business itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in a very still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the senate’s terms on four February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy of the business.The Bremen Senate furthermore insisted on appointing a unique nominee as chairman with the company’s supervisory board. The man they chose was Johannes Semler who reports generally describe as being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated directly into English, does less than full justice towards the breadth of Semler’s vocation. He had studied rules at university and worked initially to be a lawyer. The scion of a top Hamburg political family, in 1945 he had himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU get together, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 as well as 1953. Despite his Hamburg origins, Semler was by on this occasion based in Munich, with a network of contacts within the Bavarian establishment that probably included fellow CSU politician and the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler within a top administrative position from the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because the representative of the Bremen senators in order to chair the Borgward supervisory board would, in retrospect, contribute to the dispute that followed the Borgward bankruptcy.
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With 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the supervisory board joined the directors in the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for your establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the organization to continue to trade while simultaneously protecting the interests involving creditors. [16] Two months later, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath corporations were declared bankrupt, followed in November through the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have suggested that Semler, for reasons of his very own, never had any purpose of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses for you to survive.
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