Borgward is usually an automobile manufacturer originally created by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen in Germany, ceased operations in this 1960s. The Borgward group created four brands of vehicles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has given that been revived by Carl Borgward's grandson, Christian Borgward, together with his spouse Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from China investment, and unveiled the company's first new car with over 40 years, the BX7 at your 2015 International Motor Demonstrate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back on 1905 with the institution in nearby Varel on the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the building blocks in Bremen itself connected with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd vehicle. These two businesses merged in 1914 in order to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economic situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and through the late 1920s faced a bankruptcy proceeding. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator of the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a chance greatly to expand your scope of his auto business, and he took control than it.
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The very first "automobile" Carl Borgward made was the 1924 Blitzkarren (turbo cart), a sort of little three-wheeled van with two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success available in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget purchased for delivery. The Reichspost ordered quite a few for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the director of Hansa Lloyd AG having been able to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Company. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had can't evolved into the still three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or perhaps 7 hp Goliath Founder. Borgward turned his care about the other businesses along with led the development of the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand-new Hansa Borgward 2000 in addition to in 1939 the brand was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was then the Borgward 2300that continued to be in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a few of the brand names from corporations he had acquired through the years to found three different companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quality of steel allocated to his business during a period of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the firms would be run being a single entity, but in a business operated by way of a man to whom delegation didn't come naturally the proliferation of legal entities on the other hand added unhelpful layers of complexity from the 1950s and encouraged a broadening with the range which eventually proved financially unsustainable while using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company presented the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of many top engineers at Borgward through 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started out in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most popular model and remained in production for your life of the corporation. In 1960 the Borgward P100 ended up being introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a line of 1500 cc sports racers inside the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these being a successful Formula Two power unit (which was also used by several F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside German market such while air suspension and computerized transmission, the company had trouble competing in the marketplace. While larger companies similar to Opel and VW took selling point of economies of scale in addition to kept their prices low to find market share, Borgward's cost structure was even higher than necessary for its dimension, as it basically operated as four tiny independent companies rather than implemented such basic cost reduction strategies as articulation development and parts sharing between the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems too. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced like a water-cooled boxer with the front wheel drive, but plagued with problems for example water leakage and gearbox mistakes. Lloyd lost money on the car just about the most was more expensive in comparison with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pressured into liquidation by lenders. Carl Borgward died within July 1963, still insisting the company had been technically solvent. This proved to be true within the sense that after the particular creditors were paid fully, there was still several. 5 million Marks left from the business.
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Stories of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in an article that appeared within Germany's leading news newspaper, “Der Spiegel” on fourteen December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places recurring Spiegel article was highlighted through a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s top cover. It was strongly vital of Carl Borgward's small business approach, and included many with the arguments later advanced to spellout or justify the corporation's demise. The widest range connected with cars from any maker in Germany, produced by three right up until recently operationally autonomous firms (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) had been supporting a turnover regarding only 650 million Represents, placing the overall sales value in the combined Borgward auto businesses only in fifth situation among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence with an increasingly manic proliferation associated with new and modified designs featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological inventions ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") afforded rise to components which many times did not work, broke down or fell apart, resulting in massive expenses for pre-delivery remediation and/or submit delivery warranty work that found their made use of to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article was not the only serious community criticism targeting Borgward at the moment: suddenly stridently negative (in case more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild paper and in television stories. Critical media commentaries furthermore appeared concerning large loans towards Borgward Group provided because of the local Landesbank.It is apparent the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for instance auto manufacturing use their own expensive machines and tools most efficiently when they use them constantly at full capacity, but the car market in Europe from the 1950s/60s was more seasons than today, with sales diminishing throughout Winter, then peaking in the early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars at the end of 1960 was greater than usual, reflecting ambitious growth ideas, most obviously in respect of america market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that of the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered through the North American dealers with 1960 (and of the 12, 000 delivered to these individuals) 6, 000 might have to become taken back following a slump in Us demand. (Borgward was not the only European auto maker hit by way of a North American slump sought after for imported cars through 1960. In the same calendar year two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned in mid-Atlantic because the docks in New york were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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Right at the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the financial institution for a further just one million Marks of credit score, the loan to be backed by way of guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators agreed to provide. However, following the flood of critical press comment your senators withdrew their guarantee. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the business itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in a very still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the senate’s terms on 5 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy from the business.The Bremen Senate in addition insisted on appointing a nominee as chairman from the company’s supervisory board. The man they decided to go with was Johannes Semler whom reports generally describe to be a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated into English, does less than full justice for the breadth of Semler’s job. He had studied legislation at university and worked initially like a lawyer. The scion of a number one Hamburg political family, in 1945 he experienced himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU get together, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 along with 1953. Despite his Hamburg roots, Semler was by on this occasion based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside Bavarian establishment that likely included fellow CSU politician and the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in the top administrative position inside the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler since the representative of the Bremen senators for you to chair the Borgward supervisory panel would, in retrospect, contribute to the conflict that followed the Borgward individual bankruptcy.
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On 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the supervisory board joined the directors on the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling this company to continue to trade while while doing so protecting the interests associated with creditors. [16] Two months after, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath corporations were declared bankrupt, followed in November through the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have suggested that Semler, for reasons of his own, never had any purpose of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to survive.
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