Borgward is an automobile manufacturer originally founded by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen throughout Germany, ceased operations in the actual 1960s. The Borgward group created four brands of cars and trucks: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has because been revived by Carl Borgward's grandson, Christian Borgward, together with his partner Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Oriental investment, and unveiled the corporation's first new car throughout over 40 years, the BX7 at your 2015 International Motor Present.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back to 1905 with the business in nearby Varel from the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the inspiration in Bremen itself of "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car. These two businesses merged in 1914 to make the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial crisis then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and with the late 1920s faced bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator from the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a chance greatly to expand this scope of his vehicle business, and he took control of computer.
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The 1st "automobile" Carl Borgward designed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (turbo cart), a sort of very small three-wheeled van with 3 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success on the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget purchased for delivery. The Reichspost ordered quite a few for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the overseer of Hansa Lloyd AG having gotten to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had nowadays evolved into the nonetheless three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 as well as 7 hp Goliath Master. Borgward turned his focus on the other businesses in addition to led the development from the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand-new Hansa Borgward 2000 along with in 1939 the brand was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was accompanied by the Borgward 2300that always been in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a lot of the brand names from companies he had acquired over time to found three individual companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quality of steel allocated to his business at a time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the businesses would be run as a single entity, but in a business operated by a man to whom delegation would not come naturally the growth of legal entities on the other hand added unhelpful layers of complexity throughout the 1950s and encouraged a broadening from the range which finally proved financially unsustainable using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company displayed the Borgward Hansa 1500.Among the top engineers at Borgward coming from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most favored model and remained in production for that life of the firm. In 1960 the Borgward P100 seemed to be introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinctive line of 1500 cc sports racers inside the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these becoming a successful Formula Two power unit (that has been also used by a few F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside the German market such as air suspension and computerized transmission, the company had trouble competing available. While larger companies similar to Opel and VW took benefit of economies of scale along with kept their prices low to realize market share, Borgward's cost structure was even beyond necessary for its sizing, as it basically operated as four tiny independent companies and do not implemented such basic price reduction strategies as joint development and parts sharing involving the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems at the same time. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced like a water-cooled boxer with the front wheel drive, but plagued with problems including water leakage and gearbox snags. Lloyd lost money on the car community . was more expensive than its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pushed into liquidation by lenders. Carl Borgward died in July 1963, still insisting the company had been technically solvent. This proved to be true inside sense that after the particular creditors were paid entirely, there was still some. 5 million Marks left over from the business.
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Stories of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in the article that appeared throughout Germany's leading news publication, “Der Spiegel” on 18 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeating Spiegel article was highlighted by means of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s front cover. It was strongly critical of Carl Borgward's company approach, and included many of the arguments later advanced to explain or justify the business's demise. The widest range associated with cars from any producer in Germany, produced by three until recently operationally autonomous corporations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) seemed to be supporting a turnover involving only 650 million Grades, placing the overall sales value through the combined Borgward auto companies only in fifth position among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence by using an increasingly manic proliferation involving new and modified types featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovative developments ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") provided rise to components which all too often did not work, broke down or fell apart, resulting in massive payments for pre-delivery remediation and/or write-up delivery warranty work that found their made use of to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article hasn't been the only serious open criticism targeting Borgward at this time: suddenly stridently negative (if more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild newspapers and in television stories. Critical media commentaries likewise appeared concerning large loans towards Borgward Group provided because of the local Landesbank.It is apparent how the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for example auto manufacturing use their expensive machines and tools most efficiently as long as they use them constantly with full capacity, but the car market in Europe within the 1950s/60s was more seasonal than today, with sales diminishing in Winter, then peaking in their early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars at the end of 1960 was above usual, reflecting ambitious growth options, most obviously in respect of north america market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that from the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered through the North American dealers throughout 1960 (and of the 12, 000 delivered to these people) 6, 000 might have for being taken back following a slump in North american demand. (Borgward was not the one European auto maker hit by way of a North American slump sought after for imported cars while in 1960. In the same season two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back mid-Atlantic because the docks in Big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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Towards the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lender for a further one particular million Marks of credit rating, the loan to be backed by way of a guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators opted for provide. However, following the flood connected with critical press comment the particular senators withdrew their ensure. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the business itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported within a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to your senate’s terms on 4 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy on the business.The Bremen Senate furthermore insisted on appointing its nominee as chairman on the company’s supervisory board. The man they selected was Johannes Semler to whom reports generally describe being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in English, does less than full justice towards breadth of Semler’s vocation. He had studied law at university and worked initially as being a lawyer. The scion of a leading Hamburg political family, in 1945 he got himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU celebration, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 as well as 1953. Despite his Hamburg roots, Semler was by now based in Munich, with a network of contacts from the Bavarian establishment that almost certainly included fellow CSU politician and also the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a top administrative position from the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler since the representative of the Bremen senators to help chair the Borgward supervisory mother board would, in retrospect, contribute to the debate that followed the Borgward a bankruptcy proceeding.
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In 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the particular supervisory board joined the directors with the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings with the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided to get a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling this company to continue to trade while at the same time protecting the interests regarding creditors. [16] Two months afterwards, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath corporations were declared bankrupt, followed in November from the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” get suggested that Semler, for reasons of her own, never had any objective of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to help survive.
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