Borgward is usually an automobile manufacturer originally set up by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen in Germany, ceased operations in this 1960s. The Borgward group developed four brands of autos: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has considering that been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his associate Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese investment, and unveiled the business's first new car throughout over 40 years, the BX7 at your 2015 International Motor Demonstrate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business go back to 1905 with the place in nearby Varel in the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the walls in Bremen itself of "Namag", maker of the Lloyd automobile. These two businesses merged in 1914 to the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economy then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and by the late 1920s faced individual bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator with the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented an opportunity greatly to expand your scope of his automobile business, and he took control than it.
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The initial "automobile" Carl Borgward created was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of small three-wheeled van with a couple of hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success on the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget purchased for delivery. The Reichspost ordered some of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the overseer of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the oppertunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Corp. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had nowadays evolved into the nonetheless three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or even 7 hp Goliath Master. Borgward turned his awareness of the other businesses and led the development in the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the new Hansa Borgward 2000 as well as in 1939 the brand was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was then the Borgward 2300that continued to be in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a few of the brand names from organizations he had acquired through the years to found three distinct companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase how much steel allocated to his business each time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the lenders would be run as a single entity, but in a business operated by way of man to whom delegation would not come naturally the proliferation of legal entities nevertheless added unhelpful layers of complexity throughout the 1950s and encouraged a broadening with the range which in the end proved financially unsustainable while using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company presented the Borgward Hansa 1500.On the list of top engineers at Borgward through 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella began in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most favored model and remained in production to the life of the organization. In 1960 the Borgward P100 seemed to be introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinctive line of 1500 cc sports racers in the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these learning to be a successful Formula Two power unit (that has been also used by a number of F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside German market such because air suspension and automated transmission, the company had trouble competing available on the market. While larger companies similar to Opel and VW took good thing about economies of scale and also kept their prices low to realize market share, Borgward's cost structure was even beyond necessary for its size, as it basically operated as four tiny independent companies and never implemented such basic charge reduction strategies as mutual development and parts sharing between the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems likewise. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as a water-cooled boxer with entry wheel drive, but plagued with problems such as water leakage and gearbox mistakes. Lloyd lost money on the car community . was more expensive when compared with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was compelled into liquidation by collectors. Carl Borgward died in July 1963, still insisting the company have been technically solvent. This proved to be true inside sense that after this creditors were paid 100 %, there was still 5. 5 million Marks remaining from the business.
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Studies of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in an article that appeared in Germany's leading news newspaper, “Der Spiegel” on 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places recurring Spiegel article was highlighted through a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s the front cover. It was strongly critical of Carl Borgward's small business approach, and included many of the arguments later advanced to explain or justify the company's demise. The widest range of cars from any producer in Germany, produced by three until eventually recently operationally autonomous corporations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) seemed to be supporting a turnover regarding only 650 million Represents, placing the overall sales value from the combined Borgward auto corporations only in fifth location among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence when using increasingly manic proliferation connected with new and modified versions featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological enhancements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") provided rise to components which many times did not work, broke down or droped apart, resulting in massive costs for pre-delivery remediation and/or publish delivery warranty work that found their way back to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article wasn't the only serious general public criticism targeting Borgward at this time: suddenly stridently negative (in the event that more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild newspapers and in television studies. Critical media commentaries likewise appeared concerning large loans to the Borgward Group provided through the local Landesbank.It is apparent that this business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses such as auto manufacturing use their expensive machines and tools most efficiently as long as they use them constantly on full capacity, but the car market in Europe within the 1950s/60s was more periodic than today, with sales diminishing with Winter, then peaking in early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars right at the end of 1960 was higher than usual, reflecting ambitious growth ideas, most obviously in respect of the us market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that in the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered because of the North American dealers throughout 1960 (and on the 12, 000 delivered to them) 6, 000 might have for being taken back following a slump in United states demand. (Borgward was not the sole European auto maker hit by way of North American slump sought after for imported cars throughout 1960. In the same season two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back in mid-Atlantic because the docks in Big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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By the end of December 1960 Borgward approached your banker for a further just one million Marks of credit, the loan to be backed by the guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators decided provide. However, following the flood regarding critical press comment this senators withdrew their assure. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the corporation itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported inside a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the actual senate’s terms on 4 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy in the business.The Bremen Senate additionally insisted on appointing its very own nominee as chairman in the company’s supervisory board. The man they selected was Johannes Semler with whom reports generally describe to be a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in English, does less than full justice for the breadth of Semler’s occupation. He had studied legislations at university and worked initially as a lawyer. The scion of a top Hamburg political family, in 1945 he experienced himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU gathering, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 as well as 1953. Despite his Hamburg origins, Semler was by these times based in Munich, with a network of contacts from the Bavarian establishment that probably included fellow CSU politician as well as the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a very top administrative position in the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler as the representative of the Bremen senators for you to chair the Borgward supervisory aboard would, in retrospect, contribute to the conflict that followed the Borgward individual bankruptcy.
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With 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the supervisory board joined the directors with the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for that establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided to get a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the organization to continue to trade while as well protecting the interests associated with creditors. [16] Two months later, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath organizations were declared bankrupt, followed in November because of the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have got suggested that Semler, for reasons of their own, never had any goal of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses for you to survive.
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