Borgward is an automobile manufacturer originally started by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen in Germany, ceased operations in this 1960s. The Borgward group made four brands of cars and trucks: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has given that been revived by Carl Borgward's grandson, Christian Borgward, together with his companion Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese language investment, and unveiled the company's first new car throughout over 40 years, the BX7 at the particular 2015 International Motor Demonstrate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business return to 1905 with the establishment in nearby Varel in the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the inspiration in Bremen itself associated with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd vehicle. These two businesses merged in 1914 to make the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial status then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and because of the late 1920s faced bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator in the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a chance greatly to expand the particular scope of his car business, and he took control than it.
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The initial "automobile" Carl Borgward designed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (turbo cart), a sort of very small three-wheeled van with two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success already in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget got it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered quite a few for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the movie director of Hansa Lloyd AG having had time to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had nowadays evolved into the however three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or maybe 7 hp Goliath Leading. Borgward turned his awareness of the other businesses along with led the development of the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the completely new Hansa Borgward 2000 in addition to in 1939 the name was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was and then the Borgward 2300that continued in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a few of the brand names from organizations he had acquired through the years to found three independent companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quantity of steel allocated to his business during a period of austerity and rationing. For many purposes nokia's would be run as a single entity, but in a business operated by way of man to whom delegation would not come naturally the proliferation of legal entities nonetheless added unhelpful layers of complexity over the 1950s and encouraged a broadening in the range which finally proved financially unsustainable with the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company introduced the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of the top engineers at Borgward via 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most widely used model and remained in production with the life of the corporation. In 1960 the Borgward P100 seemed to be introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinct 1500 cc sports racers within the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these to become successful Formula Two power unit (that was also used by several F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties in the German market such since air suspension and programmed transmission, the company had trouble competing in the market. While larger companies just like Opel and VW took benefit of economies of scale in addition to kept their prices low to realize market share, Borgward's cost structure was even greater than necessary for its measurement, as it basically managed as four tiny independent companies rather than implemented such basic cost reduction strategies as mutual development and parts sharing relating to the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems also. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced being a water-cooled boxer with front wheel drive, but plagued with problems for instance water leakage and gearbox mistakes. Lloyd lost money on the car although it was more expensive as compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was forced into liquidation by collectors. Carl Borgward died in July 1963, still insisting the company had been technically solvent. This proved to be true inside sense that after the actual creditors were paid entirely, there was still several. 5 million Marks left from the business.
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Stories of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within the article that appeared throughout Germany's leading news magazine, “Der Spiegel” on 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repetitive Spiegel article was highlighted through a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s front cover. It was strongly crucial of Carl Borgward's small business approach, and included many in the arguments later advanced to go into detail or justify the corporation's demise. The widest range regarding cars from any producer in Germany, produced by three right up until recently operationally autonomous organizations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) has been supporting a turnover associated with only 650 million Marks, placing the overall sales value in the combined Borgward auto organizations only in fifth situation among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence while on an increasingly manic proliferation associated with new and modified products featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovations ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") gave rise to components which many times did not work, broke down or chop down apart, resulting in massive payments for pre-delivery remediation and/or post delivery warranty work that found their long ago to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article wasn't the only serious general public criticism targeting Borgward currently: suddenly stridently negative (if more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild newspaper and in television reviews. Critical media commentaries furthermore appeared concerning large loans for the Borgward Group provided with the local Landesbank.It is apparent that this business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the conclusion of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for instance auto manufacturing use his or her expensive machines and tools most efficiently should they use them constantly at full capacity, but the car market in Europe from the 1950s/60s was more in season than today, with sales diminishing throughout Winter, then peaking in early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars right at the end of 1960 was greater than usual, reflecting ambitious growth strategies, most obviously in respect of the us market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that with the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered with the North American dealers inside 1960 (and with the 12, 000 delivered to these) 6, 000 might have being taken back following a slump in North american demand. (Borgward was not the sole European auto maker hit by a North American slump sought after for imported cars throughout 1960. In the same 12 months two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned last mid-Atlantic because the docks in Nyc were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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At the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the financial institution for a further one million Marks of credit score, the loan to be backed by way of guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators agreed to provide. However, following the flood connected with critical press comment the actual senators withdrew their ensure. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the organization itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported inside a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the particular senate’s terms on 5 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy with the business.The Bremen Senate likewise insisted on appointing its nominee as chairman in the company’s supervisory board. The man they chose was Johannes Semler whom reports generally describe as a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in to English, does less than full justice on the breadth of Semler’s occupation. He had studied regulation at university and worked initially as a lawyer. The scion of a leading Hamburg political family, in 1945 he acquired himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU get together, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 and also 1953. Despite his Hamburg origins, Semler was by this time based in Munich, with a network of contacts within the Bavarian establishment that possibly included fellow CSU politician along with the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in the top administrative position inside Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler for the reason that representative of the Bremen senators to chair the Borgward supervisory table would, in retrospect, contribute to the dispute that followed the Borgward bankruptcy.
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Upon 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the actual supervisory board joined the directors from the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for your establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the organization to continue to trade while simultaneously protecting the interests involving creditors. [16] Two months later on, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath businesses were declared bankrupt, followed in November because of the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” get suggested that Semler, for reasons of their own, never had any purpose of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to be able to survive.
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