Borgward is usually an automobile manufacturer originally set up by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen inside Germany, ceased operations in the actual 1960s. The Borgward group developed four brands of vehicles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has given that been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his partner Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Oriental investment, and unveiled the corporation's first new car with over 40 years, the BX7 at this 2015 International Motor Show.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back on 1905 with the establishment in nearby Varel of the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the inspiration in Bremen itself of "Namag", maker of the Lloyd vehicle. These two businesses merged in 1914 to make the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial crisis then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and by the late 1920s faced individual bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator with the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented the opportunity greatly to expand your scope of his vehicle business, and he took control from it.
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The initial "automobile" Carl Borgward intended was the 1924 Blitzkarren (lightning cart), a sort of teeny three-wheeled van with 3 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success on the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget bought for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the overseer of Hansa Lloyd AG having had time to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Company. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had by now evolved into the nonetheless three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or perhaps 7 hp Goliath Founder. Borgward turned his attention to the other businesses as well as led the development of the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand new Hansa Borgward 2000 and also in 1939 the title was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was followed by the Borgward 2300that continued to be in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used many of the brand names from firms he had acquired in recent times to found three separate companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the amount of steel allocated to his business during a period of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the lenders would be run as being a single entity, but in a business operated by way of man to whom delegation would not come naturally the proliferation of legal entities on the other hand added unhelpful layers of complexity throughout the 1950s and encouraged a broadening from the range which eventually proved financially unsustainable while using sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company presented the Borgward Hansa 1500.Among the top engineers at Borgward coming from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella commenced in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most favored model and remained in production for your life of the company. In 1960 the Borgward P100 has been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a type of 1500 cc sports racers from the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these being a successful Formula Two power unit (that is also used by a number of F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside German market such seeing that air suspension and intelligent transmission, the company had trouble competing in the market. While larger companies like Opel and VW took selling point of economies of scale as well as kept their prices low to get market share, Borgward's cost structure was even above necessary for its sizing, as it basically handled as four tiny independent companies and don't implemented such basic charge reduction strategies as combined development and parts sharing between your company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems as well. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as a water-cooled boxer with entrance wheel drive, but plagued with problems like water leakage and gearbox errors. Lloyd lost money on the car just about the most was more expensive when compared with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pushed into liquidation by creditors. Carl Borgward died with July 1963, still insisting the company had been technically solvent. This proved to be true inside sense that after the particular creditors were paid in full, there was still several. 5 million Marks remaining from the business.
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Reviews of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in the article that appeared in Germany's leading news publication, “Der Spiegel” on 18 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repetitive Spiegel article was highlighted by way of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s top cover. It was strongly critical of Carl Borgward's business approach, and included many on the arguments later advanced to explain or justify the business's demise. The widest range regarding cars from any supplier in Germany, produced by three until recently operationally autonomous organizations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) has been supporting a turnover associated with only 650 million Signifies, placing the overall sales value from your combined Borgward auto organizations only in fifth position among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence with an increasingly manic proliferation connected with new and modified models featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological improvements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") gave rise to components which all too often did not work, broke down or chop down apart, resulting in massive bills for pre-delivery remediation and/or submit delivery warranty work that found their way back to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article was not the only serious general public criticism targeting Borgward right now: suddenly stridently negative (in the event that more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild paper and in television studies. Critical media commentaries additionally appeared concerning large loans to the Borgward Group provided because of the local Landesbank.It is apparent which the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the conclusion of 1960. Capital intensive businesses including auto manufacturing use the expensive machines and tools most efficiently as long as they use them constantly on full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside the 1950s/60s was more periodic than today, with sales diminishing inside Winter, then peaking in the early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars at the end of 1960 was greater than usual, reflecting ambitious growth strategies, most obviously in respect of the us market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that with the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered with the North American dealers inside 1960 (and from the 12, 000 delivered to all of them) 6, 000 might have to get taken back following a slump in Us demand. (Borgward was not the one European auto maker hit by way of North American slump successful for imported cars throughout 1960. In the same 12 months two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back in mid-Atlantic because the docks in Ny were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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Towards the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lending company for a further 1 million Marks of credit, the loan to be backed with a guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators opted for provide. However, following the flood of critical press comment the actual senators withdrew their guarantee. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge this company itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in a very still hostile media, Borgward agreed to your senate’s terms on several February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy of the business.The Bremen Senate furthermore insisted on appointing a nominee as chairman on the company’s supervisory board. The man they decided was Johannes Semler whom reports generally describe to be a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated into English, does less than full justice towards breadth of Semler’s profession. He had studied rules at university and worked initially as being a lawyer. The scion of a leading Hamburg political family, in 1945 he experienced himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU gathering, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 in addition to 1953. Despite his Hamburg roots, Semler was by these times based in Munich, with a network of contacts from the Bavarian establishment that probably included fellow CSU politician as well as the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in the top administrative position within the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler as the representative of the Bremen senators in order to chair the Borgward supervisory aboard would, in retrospect, contribute to the controversy that followed the Borgward bankruptcy.
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About 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the supervisory board joined the directors on the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for the court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling this company to continue to trade while while doing so protecting the interests of creditors. [16] Two months in the future, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath firms were declared bankrupt, followed in November by the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have got suggested that Semler, for reasons of her own, never had any purpose of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to help survive.
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