Borgward is an automobile manufacturer originally created by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen throughout Germany, ceased operations in this 1960s. The Borgward group created four brands of cars and trucks: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has due to the fact been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his partner Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Oriental investment, and unveiled the firm's first new car inside over 40 years, the BX7 at the actual 2015 International Motor Indicate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business resume 1905 with the institution in nearby Varel from the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the muse in Bremen itself connected with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car or truck. These two businesses merged in 1914 to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economy then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and through the late 1920s faced a bankruptcy proceeding. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator in the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented an opportunity greatly to expand the particular scope of his car business, and he took control of it.
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The initial "automobile" Carl Borgward created was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of tiny three-wheeled van with a couple of hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success out there gap it filled. Traders with a small budget bought for delivery. The Reichspost ordered quite a few for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the representative of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the oppertunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Company. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had by now evolved into the still three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 as well as 7 hp Goliath Master. Borgward turned his awareness of the other businesses and also led the development of the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the completely new Hansa Borgward 2000 in addition to in 1939 the title was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was accompanied by the Borgward 2300that stayed in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used many of the brand names from firms he had acquired through the years to found three separate companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quality of steel allocated to his business at the same time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the companies would be run being a single entity, but in a business operated with a man to whom delegation failed to come naturally the growth of legal entities on the other hand added unhelpful layers of complexity through the 1950s and encouraged a broadening with the range which in the long run proved financially unsustainable using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company displayed the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of many top engineers at Borgward through 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella begun in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's hottest model and remained in production for that life of the firm. In 1960 the Borgward P100 ended up being introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinct 1500 cc sports racers in the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these learning to be a successful Formula Two power unit (that was also used by a number of F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside German market such seeing that air suspension and computerized transmission, the company had trouble competing in the market. While larger companies such as Opel and VW took good thing about economies of scale along with kept their prices low to find market share, Borgward's cost structure was even higher than necessary for its dimensions, as it basically handled as four tiny independent companies rather than implemented such basic price reduction strategies as articulation development and parts sharing between the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems too. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced like a water-cooled boxer with entry wheel drive, but plagued with problems for example water leakage and gearbox secrets. Lloyd lost money on the car community . was more expensive compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pressured into liquidation by lenders. Carl Borgward died throughout July 1963, still insisting the company was technically solvent. This proved to be true inside sense that after the creditors were paid fully, there was still 5. 5 million Marks remaining from the business.
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Reports of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in a article that appeared inside Germany's leading news journal, “Der Spiegel” on 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeating Spiegel article was highlighted by way of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s entry cover. It was strongly crucial of Carl Borgward's enterprise approach, and included many from the arguments later advanced to spell out or justify the company's demise. The widest range associated with cars from any supplier in Germany, produced by three until recently operationally autonomous firms (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) had been supporting a turnover involving only 650 million Grades, placing the overall sales value through the combined Borgward auto organizations only in fifth placement among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence when using increasingly manic proliferation connected with new and modified models featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological enhancements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") provided rise to components which many times did not work, broke down or dropped apart, resulting in massive expenses for pre-delivery remediation and/or publish delivery warranty work that found their way back to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article had not been the only serious general public criticism targeting Borgward presently: suddenly stridently negative (in the event more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild paper and in television accounts. Critical media commentaries also appeared concerning large loans to the Borgward Group provided through the local Landesbank.It is apparent the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses including auto manufacturing use their particular expensive machines and tools most efficiently should they use them constantly on full capacity, but the car market in Europe from the 1950s/60s was more in season than today, with sales diminishing in Winter, then peaking in earlier summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars towards the end of 1960 was greater than usual, reflecting ambitious growth ideas, most obviously in respect of the united states market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that in the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered by the North American dealers with 1960 (and on the 12, 000 delivered to these) 6, 000 might have to become taken back following a slump in United states demand. (Borgward was not the only real European auto maker hit by way of a North American slump successful for imported cars in the course of 1960. In the same 12 months two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned the government financial aid mid-Atlantic because the docks in Ny were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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At the conclusion of December 1960 Borgward approached the bank for a further one million Marks of credit rating, the loan to be backed by way of a guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators opted for provide. However, following the flood of critical press comment the actual senators withdrew their ensure. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the organization itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in the still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the senate’s terms on 5 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy from the business.The Bremen Senate also insisted on appointing a unique nominee as chairman from the company’s supervisory board. The man they selected was Johannes Semler which reports generally describe as a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in to English, does less than full justice to the breadth of Semler’s career. He had studied regulation at university and worked initially being a lawyer. The scion of a leading Hamburg political family, in 1945 he experienced himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU celebration, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 along with 1953. Despite his Hamburg roots, Semler was by this time based in Munich, with a network of contacts within the Bavarian establishment that possibly included fellow CSU politician and the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a top administrative position inside the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler since the representative of the Bremen senators in order to chair the Borgward supervisory table would, in retrospect, contribute to the conflict that followed the Borgward personal bankruptcy.
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Upon 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the particular supervisory board joined the directors in the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for your establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for the court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business enterprise to continue to trade while concurrently protecting the interests of creditors. [16] Two months later, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath firms were declared bankrupt, followed in November because of the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” possess suggested that Semler, for reasons of her own, never had any intent of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses in order to survive.
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