Borgward can be an automobile manufacturer originally created by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen within Germany, ceased operations in the 1960s. The Borgward group produced four brands of automobiles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has given that been revived by Carl Borgward's grandson, Christian Borgward, together with his companion Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Far east investment, and unveiled the company's first new car throughout over 40 years, the BX7 at the 2015 International Motor Indicate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business return to 1905 with the organization in nearby Varel from the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the walls in Bremen itself regarding "Namag", maker of the Lloyd automobile. These two businesses merged in 1914 to the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and through the late 1920s faced bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator on the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented the possibility greatly to expand the particular scope of his auto business, and he took control than it.
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The primary "automobile" Carl Borgward designed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (lightning cart), a sort of tiny three-wheeled van with a couple of hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget got it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered some of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the movie director of Hansa Lloyd AG having had time to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had chances are evolved into the nevertheless three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or maybe 7 hp Goliath Pioneer. Borgward turned his awareness of the other businesses as well as led the development from the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the fresh Hansa Borgward 2000 as well as in 1939 the title was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was accompanied by the Borgward 2300that continued to be in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used some of the brand names from organizations he had acquired through the years to found three separate companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quantity of steel allocated to his business each time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the firms would be run as being a single entity, but in a business operated by way of a man to whom delegation didn't come naturally the proliferation of legal entities however added unhelpful layers of complexity throughout the 1950s and encouraged a broadening of the range which finally proved financially unsustainable using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company shown the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of several top engineers at Borgward by 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started out in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most in-demand model and remained in production for that life of the firm. In 1960 the Borgward P100 seemed to be introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a brand of 1500 cc sports racers inside the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these to become successful Formula Two power unit (that is also used by some F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties from the German market such because air suspension and computerized transmission, the company had trouble competing available on the market. While larger companies similar to Opel and VW took selling point of economies of scale as well as kept their prices low to realize market share, Borgward's cost structure was even more than necessary for its sizing, as it basically controlled as four tiny independent companies and not implemented such basic expense reduction strategies as combined development and parts sharing between the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems also. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced like a water-cooled boxer with entry wheel drive, but plagued with problems such as water leakage and gearbox snags. Lloyd lost money on the car even though it was more expensive than its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was forced into liquidation by credit card companies. Carl Borgward died inside July 1963, still insisting the company have been technically solvent. This proved to be true inside sense that after the actual creditors were paid fully, there was still four. 5 million Marks left over from the business.
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Reviews of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in an article that appeared throughout Germany's leading news magazine, “Der Spiegel” on 18 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places recurring Spiegel article was highlighted through a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s entry cover. It was strongly vital of Carl Borgward's company approach, and included many in the arguments later advanced to go into detail or justify the businesses demise. The widest range associated with cars from any supplier in Germany, produced by three till recently operationally autonomous businesses (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) seemed to be supporting a turnover of only 650 million Scars, placing the overall sales value on the combined Borgward auto corporations only in fifth position among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence by using an increasingly manic proliferation involving new and modified products featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological inventions ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") provided rise to components which all too often did not work, broke down or fell apart, resulting in massive payments for pre-delivery remediation and/or write-up delivery warranty work that found their in the past to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article has not been the only serious open criticism targeting Borgward presently: suddenly stridently negative (in the event more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild magazine and in television stories. Critical media commentaries also appeared concerning large loans on the Borgward Group provided because of the local Landesbank.It is apparent how the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for instance auto manufacturing use his or her expensive machines and tools most efficiently if they use them constantly in full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside 1950s/60s was more seasons than today, with sales diminishing inside Winter, then peaking in their early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars towards the end of 1960 was beyond usual, reflecting ambitious growth programs, most obviously in respect of north america market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that on the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered with the North American dealers throughout 1960 (and on the 12, 000 delivered to these people) 6, 000 might have to become taken back following a slump in American demand. (Borgward was not the one European auto maker hit by a North American slump sought after for imported cars through 1960. In the same yr two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned last mid-Atlantic because the docks in Nyc were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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At the conclusion of December 1960 Borgward approached the lending company for a further just one million Marks of credit, the loan to be backed by way of a guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators agreed to provide. However, following the flood of critical press comment the senators withdrew their guarantee. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the organization itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported within a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the senate’s terms on some February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy on the business.The Bremen Senate also insisted on appointing its very own nominee as chairman on the company’s supervisory board. The man they select was Johannes Semler which reports generally describe as being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated straight into English, does less than full justice towards breadth of Semler’s profession. He had studied regulation at university and worked initially as a lawyer. The scion of a number one Hamburg political family, in 1945 he got himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU gathering, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 in addition to 1953. Despite his Hamburg roots, Semler was by now based in Munich, with a network of contacts within the Bavarian establishment that possibly included fellow CSU politician plus the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler inside a top administrative position from the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler for the reason that representative of the Bremen senators to be able to chair the Borgward supervisory aboard would, in retrospect, contribute to the hot debate that followed the Borgward personal bankruptcy.
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Upon 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the actual supervisory board joined the directors from the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings with the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for any court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business enterprise to continue to trade while while doing so protecting the interests of creditors. [16] Two months later, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath firms were declared bankrupt, followed in November by the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have got suggested that Semler, for reasons of her own, never had any goal of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to be able to survive.
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