Borgward is usually an automobile manufacturer originally founded by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen throughout Germany, ceased operations in the 1960s. The Borgward group made four brands of cars: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has since been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his lover Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese investment, and unveiled the firm's first new car inside over 40 years, the BX7 at the actual 2015 International Motor Show.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business resume 1905 with the institution in nearby Varel in the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the muse in Bremen itself associated with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd automobile. These two businesses merged in 1914 to form the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial status then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and by the late 1920s faced chapter 7. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator with the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented an opportunity greatly to expand the actual scope of his automobile business, and he took control of it.
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The first "automobile" Carl Borgward made was the 1924 Blitzkarren (lightning cart), a sort of small three-wheeled van with only two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success already in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget ordered for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the director of Hansa Lloyd AG having been able to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Company. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had by now evolved into the still three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or maybe 7 hp Goliath Founder. Borgward turned his care about the other businesses along with led the development from the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the new Hansa Borgward 2000 as well as in 1939 the identify was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was followed by the Borgward 2300that stayed in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a number of the brand names from businesses he had acquired over time to found three separate companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase how much steel allocated to his business at any given time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the lenders would be run to be a single entity, but in a business operated by way of a man to whom delegation did not come naturally the spreading of legal entities even so added unhelpful layers of complexity from the 1950s and encouraged a broadening of the range which eventually proved financially unsustainable while using sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company displayed the Borgward Hansa 1500.On the list of top engineers at Borgward coming from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella began in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most favored model and remained in production for the life of the company. In 1960 the Borgward P100 has been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a type of 1500 cc sports racers in the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these learning to be a successful Formula Two power unit (that was also used by a number of F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside German market such since air suspension and automatic transmission, the company had trouble competing in the marketplace. While larger companies like Opel and VW took benefit of economies of scale as well as kept their prices low to gain market share, Borgward's cost structure was even above necessary for its sizing, as it basically handled as four tiny independent companies and never implemented such basic expense reduction strategies as joint development and parts sharing involving the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems likewise. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as a water-cooled boxer with top wheel drive, but plagued with problems including water leakage and gearbox errors. Lloyd lost money on the car though it was more expensive in comparison with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was compelled into liquidation by loan companies. Carl Borgward died within July 1963, still insisting the company was technically solvent. This proved to be true in the sense that after the creditors were paid fully, there was still 5. 5 million Marks left over from the business.
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Reviews of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in an article that appeared inside Germany's leading news newspaper, “Der Spiegel” on fourteen December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places recurring Spiegel article was highlighted with a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s entrance cover. It was strongly crucial of Carl Borgward's enterprise approach, and included many from the arguments later advanced to go into detail or justify the firm's demise. The widest range of cars from any producer in Germany, produced by three until recently operationally autonomous organizations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) ended up being supporting a turnover involving only 650 million Signifies, placing the overall sales value through the combined Borgward auto firms only in fifth placement among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence when using increasingly manic proliferation involving new and modified types featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological enhancements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") presented rise to components which too much did not work, broke down or fell apart, resulting in massive bills for pre-delivery remediation and/or submit delivery warranty work that found their in the past to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article wasn't the only serious community criticism targeting Borgward at this time: suddenly stridently negative (in case more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild paper and in television studies. Critical media commentaries likewise appeared concerning large loans towards the Borgward Group provided from the local Landesbank.It is apparent that this business was confronting cash-flow difficulties right at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses like auto manufacturing use their particular expensive machines and tools most efficiently whenever they use them constantly on full capacity, but the car market in Europe from the 1950s/60s was more temporary than today, with sales diminishing within Winter, then peaking in their early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars towards the end of 1960 was higher than usual, reflecting ambitious growth plans, most obviously in respect of america market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that in the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered because of the North American dealers inside 1960 (and in the 12, 000 delivered to them) 6, 000 might have to get taken back following a slump in Us demand. (Borgward was not really the only European auto maker hit by the North American slump in demand for imported cars through 1960. In the same 12 months two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back mid-Atlantic because the docks in New york were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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Right at the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the financial institution for a further 1 million Marks of credit ratings, the loan to be backed by way of guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators opted for provide. However, following the flood of critical press comment the particular senators withdrew their guarantee. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the organization itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported within a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to your senate’s terms on several February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy from the business.The Bremen Senate in addition insisted on appointing its very own nominee as chairman with the company’s supervisory board. The man they selected was Johannes Semler who reports generally describe to be a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated into English, does less than full justice for the breadth of Semler’s job. He had studied legislation at university and worked initially to be a lawyer. The scion of a top Hamburg political family, in 1945 he received himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU bash, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 along with 1953. Despite his Hamburg beginnings, Semler was by on this occasion based in Munich, with a network of contacts in the Bavarian establishment that most likely included fellow CSU politician plus the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler inside a top administrative position within the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler as the representative of the Bremen senators to help chair the Borgward supervisory aboard would, in retrospect, contribute to the debate that followed the Borgward bankruptcy.
On 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the particular supervisory board joined the directors on the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings with the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for any court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business enterprise to continue to trade while while doing so protecting the interests associated with creditors. [16] Two months later, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath organizations were declared bankrupt, followed in November through the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” possess suggested that Semler, for reasons of his own, never had any intent of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to survive.
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