Borgward can be an automobile manufacturer originally founded by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen within Germany, ceased operations in the 1960s. The Borgward group generated four brands of automobiles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has because been revived by Carl Borgward's grand son, Christian Borgward, together with his associate Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Far east investment, and unveiled the firm's first new car throughout over 40 years, the BX7 at this 2015 International Motor Demonstrate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back to 1905 with the institution in nearby Varel from the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the foundation in Bremen itself associated with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car. These two businesses merged in 1914 to the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economic situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and through the late 1920s faced individual bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator in the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented an opportunity greatly to expand the actual scope of his automotive business, and he took control than it.
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The 1st "automobile" Carl Borgward made was the 1924 Blitzkarren (turbo cart), a sort of very small three-wheeled van with 3 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success out there gap it filled. Traders with a small budget bought it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered some of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the representative of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the oppertunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had by now evolved into the nevertheless three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 as well as 7 hp Goliath Founder. Borgward turned his care about the other businesses along with led the development on the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the fresh Hansa Borgward 2000 and in 1939 the name was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was accompanied by the Borgward 2300that remained in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a few of the brand names from companies he had acquired over time to found three separate companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quality of steel allocated to his business at the same time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes nokia's would be run being a single entity, but in a business operated by a man to whom delegation failed to come naturally the growth of legal entities however added unhelpful layers of complexity through the 1950s and encouraged a broadening with the range which finally proved financially unsustainable while using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company displayed the Borgward Hansa 1500.Among the top engineers at Borgward through 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella commenced in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most favored model and remained in production with the life of the business. In 1960 the Borgward P100 had been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a line of 1500 cc sports racers inside late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these transforming into a successful Formula Two power unit (which has been also used by many F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside German market such as air suspension and programmed transmission, the company had trouble competing in the market. While larger companies such as Opel and VW took good thing about economies of scale in addition to kept their prices low to find market share, Borgward's cost structure was even higher than necessary for its dimension, as it basically operated as four tiny independent companies and do not implemented such basic expense reduction strategies as combined development and parts sharing involving the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems likewise. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced to be a water-cooled boxer with entrance wheel drive, but plagued with problems for instance water leakage and gearbox mistakes. Lloyd lost money on the car even though it was more expensive than its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was required into liquidation by collectors. Carl Borgward died with July 1963, still insisting the company was technically solvent. This proved to be true in the sense that after your creditors were paid 100 %, there was still four. 5 million Marks left from the business.
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Accounts of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in an article that appeared throughout Germany's leading news publication, “Der Spiegel” on 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places recurring Spiegel article was highlighted through a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s front cover. It was strongly vital of Carl Borgward's small business approach, and included many with the arguments later advanced to go into detail or justify the business's demise. The widest range involving cars from any maker in Germany, produced by three right up until recently operationally autonomous firms (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) had been supporting a turnover regarding only 650 million Scars, placing the overall sales value from your combined Borgward auto companies only in fifth placement among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence while on an increasingly manic proliferation connected with new and modified types featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological inventions ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") afforded rise to components which too much did not work, broke down or chop down apart, resulting in massive payments for pre-delivery remediation and/or article delivery warranty work that found their made use of to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article had not been the only serious open criticism targeting Borgward at this time: suddenly stridently negative (in case more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild classifieds and in television studies. Critical media commentaries furthermore appeared concerning large loans to the Borgward Group provided with the local Landesbank.It is apparent that this business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the conclusion of 1960. Capital intensive businesses such as auto manufacturing use the expensive machines and tools most efficiently when they use them constantly from full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside 1950s/60s was more periodic than today, with sales diminishing in Winter, then peaking in the first summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars at the conclusion of 1960 was beyond usual, reflecting ambitious growth options, most obviously in respect of the us market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that of the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered by the North American dealers in 1960 (and of the 12, 000 delivered to these) 6, 000 might have to get taken back following a slump in Us demand. (Borgward was not really the only European auto maker hit with a North American slump in demand for imported cars throughout 1960. In the same 12 months two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned in mid-Atlantic because the docks in Ny were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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By the end of December 1960 Borgward approached your banker for a further a single million Marks of credit rating, the loan to be backed by the guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators decided provide. However, following the flood associated with critical press comment this senators withdrew their guarantee. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the company itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in the still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the actual senate’s terms on some February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy with the business.The Bremen Senate furthermore insisted on appointing a unique nominee as chairman of the company’s supervisory board. The man they decided to go with was Johannes Semler to whom reports generally describe to be a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated directly into English, does less than full justice towards breadth of Semler’s occupation. He had studied law at university and worked initially being a lawyer. The scion of a number one Hamburg political family, in 1945 he had himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU bash, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 and 1953. Despite his Hamburg roots, Semler was by this time based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside Bavarian establishment that most likely included fellow CSU politician and also the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler within a top administrative position from the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because the representative of the Bremen senators to help chair the Borgward supervisory aboard would, in retrospect, contribute to the conflict that followed the Borgward bankruptcy.
On 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the particular supervisory board joined the directors of the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings to the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for the court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business enterprise to continue to trade while concurrently protecting the interests regarding creditors. [16] Two months later on, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath companies were declared bankrupt, followed in November with the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have got suggested that Semler, for reasons of his own, never had any intent of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses in order to survive.
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