Borgward is surely an automobile manufacturer originally set up by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen within Germany, ceased operations in the 1960s. The Borgward group developed four brands of cars: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has given that been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his associate Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese investment, and unveiled the businesses first new car in over 40 years, the BX7 at your 2015 International Motor Display.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back on 1905 with the establishment in nearby Varel from the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the inspiration in Bremen itself associated with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd vehicle. These two businesses merged in 1914 to the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and through the late 1920s faced bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator in the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a chance greatly to expand your scope of his auto business, and he took control than it.
The first "automobile" Carl Borgward created was the 1924 Blitzkarren (lightning cart), a sort of small three-wheeled van with 3 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success available in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget got it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the movie director of Hansa Lloyd AG having had time to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Corp. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had nowadays evolved into the nevertheless three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or perhaps 7 hp Goliath Pioneer. Borgward turned his attention to the other businesses in addition to led the development in the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the new Hansa Borgward 2000 as well as in 1939 the identify was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was accompanied by the Borgward 2300that remained in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used some of the brand names from organizations he had acquired over the years to found three separate companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the amount of steel allocated to his business at the same time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the businesses would be run as being a single entity, but in a business operated with a man to whom delegation didn't come naturally the growth of legal entities on the other hand added unhelpful layers of complexity from the 1950s and encouraged a broadening on the range which eventually proved financially unsustainable with the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company introduced the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of the top engineers at Borgward through 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella began in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most widely used model and remained in production with the life of the organization. In 1960 the Borgward P100 ended up being introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a line of 1500 cc sports racers from the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these to become successful Formula Two power unit (that is also used by many F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties within the German market such while air suspension and automatic transmission, the company had trouble competing in the market. While larger companies like Opel and VW took benefit of economies of scale and also kept their prices low to gain market share, Borgward's cost structure was even higher than necessary for its sizing, as it basically handled as four tiny independent companies rather than implemented such basic charge reduction strategies as joint development and parts sharing between your company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems at the same time. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced being a water-cooled boxer with the front wheel drive, but plagued with problems for instance water leakage and gearbox snags. Lloyd lost money on the car though it was more expensive compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pushed into liquidation by loan companies. Carl Borgward died within July 1963, still insisting the company have been technically solvent. This proved to be true inside sense that after the particular creditors were paid completely, there was still 4. 5 million Marks left from the business.
Reports of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within an article that appeared in Germany's leading news magazine, “Der Spiegel” on 15 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repetitive Spiegel article was highlighted by using a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s entrance cover. It was strongly essential of Carl Borgward's business approach, and included many on the arguments later advanced to spell out or justify the corporation's demise. The widest range associated with cars from any manufacturer in Germany, produced by three until eventually recently operationally autonomous firms (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) ended up being supporting a turnover of only 650 million Marks, placing the overall sales value in the combined Borgward auto businesses only in fifth location among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence with an increasingly manic proliferation of new and modified models featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological improvements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") provided rise to components which too often did not work, broke down or dropped apart, resulting in massive payments for pre-delivery remediation and/or write-up delivery warranty work that found their sources that are to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article wasn't the only serious community criticism targeting Borgward at this time: suddenly stridently negative (in the event more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild paper and in television reports. Critical media commentaries likewise appeared concerning large loans for the Borgward Group provided by the local Landesbank.It is apparent that this business was confronting cash-flow difficulties towards the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses like auto manufacturing use their own expensive machines and tools most efficiently if they use them constantly from full capacity, but the car market in Europe within the 1950s/60s was more seasonal than today, with sales diminishing throughout Winter, then peaking in the early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars by the end of 1960 was above usual, reflecting ambitious growth programs, most obviously in respect of north america market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that with the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered from the North American dealers within 1960 (and with the 12, 000 delivered to all of them) 6, 000 might have to become taken back following a slump in Us demand. (Borgward was not the only European auto maker hit by way of North American slump widely used for imported cars during 1960. In the same year two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned in mid-Atlantic because the docks in The big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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At the end of December 1960 Borgward approached your banker for a further a single million Marks of credit, the loan to be backed by the guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators agreed to provide. However, following the flood involving critical press comment the particular senators withdrew their assure. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the organization itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported within a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the senate’s terms on 4 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy from the business.The Bremen Senate furthermore insisted on appointing its own nominee as chairman in the company’s supervisory board. The man they decided was Johannes Semler with whom reports generally describe as being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated directly into English, does less than full justice on the breadth of Semler’s vocation. He had studied regulation at university and worked initially as being a lawyer. The scion of a respected Hamburg political family, in 1945 he had himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU bash, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 as well as 1953. Despite his Hamburg beginning, Semler was by these times based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside the Bavarian establishment that likely included fellow CSU politician plus the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a top administrative position within the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler as the representative of the Bremen senators for you to chair the Borgward supervisory panel would, in retrospect, contribute to the dispute that followed the Borgward chapter 7.
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With 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of this supervisory board joined the directors of the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for that establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided to get a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the organization to continue to trade while simultaneously protecting the interests associated with creditors. [16] Two months afterwards, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath corporations were declared bankrupt, followed in November through the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” possess suggested that Semler, for reasons of their own, never had any intention of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to be able to survive.
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