Borgward is surely an automobile manufacturer originally launched by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen within Germany, ceased operations in the particular 1960s. The Borgward group generated four brands of vehicles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has given that been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his partner Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Far east investment, and unveiled the corporation's first new car within over 40 years, the BX7 at the 2015 International Motor Display.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back on 1905 with the establishment in nearby Varel from the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the inspiration in Bremen itself involving "Namag", maker of the Lloyd automobile. These two businesses merged in 1914 in order to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial status then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and from the late 1920s faced individual bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator on the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented the opportunity greatly to expand your scope of his car business, and he took control of it.
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The first "automobile" Carl Borgward created was the 1924 Blitzkarren (turbo cart), a sort of very small three-wheeled van with two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget got it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered quite a few for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the movie director of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the opportunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Company. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had chances are evolved into the however three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or even 7 hp Goliath Pioneer. Borgward turned his attention to the other businesses and led the development of the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the new Hansa Borgward 2000 and also in 1939 the label was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was as well as the Borgward 2300that remained in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a lot of the brand names from organizations he had acquired through the years to found three independent companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the number of steel allocated to his business during a period of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the companies would be run like a single entity, but in a business operated by way of a man to whom delegation didn't come naturally the proliferation of legal entities nonetheless added unhelpful layers of complexity with the 1950s and encouraged a broadening of the range which finally proved financially unsustainable with the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company introduced the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of the top engineers at Borgward through 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most popular model and remained in production for your life of the corporation. In 1960 the Borgward P100 was introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinctive line of 1500 cc sports racers inside the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these transforming into a successful Formula Two power unit (which was also used by a few F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties in the German market such since air suspension and automatic transmission, the company had trouble competing in the marketplace. While larger companies like Opel and VW took good thing about economies of scale and kept their prices low to achieve market share, Borgward's cost structure was even more than necessary for its dimensions, as it basically operated as four tiny independent companies and not implemented such basic cost reduction strategies as mutual development and parts sharing between company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems at the same time. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced being a water-cooled boxer with entrance wheel drive, but plagued with problems for instance water leakage and gearbox secrets. Lloyd lost money on the car even though it was more expensive when compared with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was forced into liquidation by creditors. Carl Borgward died in July 1963, still insisting the company have been technically solvent. This proved to be true from the sense that after the particular creditors were paid entirely, there was still four. 5 million Marks left from the business.
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Reviews of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in an article that appeared in Germany's leading news magazine, “Der Spiegel” on fourteen December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repetitive Spiegel article was highlighted through a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s top cover. It was strongly vital of Carl Borgward's organization approach, and included many on the arguments later advanced to go into detail or justify the corporation's demise. The widest range involving cars from any maker in Germany, produced by three till recently operationally autonomous businesses (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) was supporting a turnover associated with only 650 million Marks, placing the overall sales value through the combined Borgward auto companies only in fifth placement among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence by using an increasingly manic proliferation regarding new and modified versions featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovations ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") offered rise to components which too often did not work, broke down or fell into apart, resulting in massive charges for pre-delivery remediation and/or submit delivery warranty work that found their in the past to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article wasn't the only serious community criticism targeting Borgward currently: suddenly stridently negative (if more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild classifieds and in television stories. Critical media commentaries in addition appeared concerning large loans for the Borgward Group provided by the local Landesbank.It is apparent the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties towards the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses including auto manufacturing use their own expensive machines and tools most efficiently as long as they use them constantly from full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside 1950s/60s was more seasonal than today, with sales diminishing with Winter, then peaking in the early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars by the end of 1960 was greater than usual, reflecting ambitious growth strategies, most obviously in respect of america market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that in the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered through the North American dealers within 1960 (and on the 12, 000 delivered to all of them) 6, 000 might have for being taken back following a slump in United states demand. (Borgward was not the only real European auto maker hit by the North American slump sought after for imported cars during 1960. In the same season two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back mid-Atlantic because the docks in Big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
At the end of December 1960 Borgward approached your banker for a further one million Marks of credit, the loan to be backed by way of a guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators decided to provide. However, following the flood associated with critical press comment your senators withdrew their guarantee. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the organization itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in a very still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the actual senate’s terms on four February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy of the business.The Bremen Senate likewise insisted on appointing a unique nominee as chairman with the company’s supervisory board. The man they decided to go with was Johannes Semler which reports generally describe being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated into English, does less than full justice to the breadth of Semler’s career. He had studied legislation at university and worked initially as being a lawyer. The scion of a number one Hamburg political family, in 1945 he acquired himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU bash, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 in addition to 1953. Despite his Hamburg roots, Semler was by now based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside Bavarian establishment that likely included fellow CSU politician and also the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in the top administrative position from the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler as the representative of the Bremen senators to be able to chair the Borgward supervisory board would, in retrospect, contribute to the hot debate that followed the Borgward chapter 7.
On 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of this supervisory board joined the directors of the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for your establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided to get a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business enterprise to continue to trade while as well protecting the interests involving creditors. [16] Two months later on, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath firms were declared bankrupt, followed in November through the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” possess suggested that Semler, for reasons of his own, never had any purpose of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to survive.
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