Borgward is an automobile manufacturer originally created by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen with Germany, ceased operations in the particular 1960s. The Borgward group made four brands of cars: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has due to the fact been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his spouse Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese investment, and unveiled the firm's first new car throughout over 40 years, the BX7 at this 2015 International Motor Present.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business return to 1905 with the establishment in nearby Varel in the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the building blocks in Bremen itself regarding "Namag", maker of the Lloyd automobile. These two businesses merged in 1914 to form the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial status then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and because of the late 1920s faced personal bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator in the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a chance greatly to expand the scope of his vehicle business, and he took control than it.
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The very first "automobile" Carl Borgward designed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (turbo cart), a sort of teeny three-wheeled van with 3 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success already in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget bought it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered some of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the movie director of Hansa Lloyd AG having gotten to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had right now evolved into the still three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or 7 hp Goliath Leader. Borgward turned his care about the other businesses in addition to led the development with the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the new Hansa Borgward 2000 along with in 1939 the identify was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was and then the Borgward 2300that continued in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a number of the brand names from corporations he had acquired in recent times to found three distinct companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the amount of steel allocated to his business at any given time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the companies would be run as a single entity, but in a business operated by way of man to whom delegation did not come naturally the proliferation of legal entities on the other hand added unhelpful layers of complexity with the 1950s and encouraged a broadening with the range which eventually proved financially unsustainable with all the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company introduced the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of the top engineers at Borgward coming from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most popular model and remained in production with the life of the corporation. In 1960 the Borgward P100 seemed to be introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a brand of 1500 cc sports racers inside late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these transforming into a successful Formula Two power unit (which has been also used by a number of F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties within the German market such as air suspension and intelligent transmission, the company had trouble competing available. While larger companies such as Opel and VW took good thing about economies of scale and kept their prices low to achieve market share, Borgward's cost structure was even above necessary for its dimensions, as it basically controlled as four tiny independent companies and never implemented such basic cost reduction strategies as combined development and parts sharing involving the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems likewise. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced like a water-cooled boxer with top wheel drive, but plagued with problems for example water leakage and gearbox mistakes. Lloyd lost money on the car though it was more expensive as compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pressured into liquidation by credit card companies. Carl Borgward died within July 1963, still insisting the company was technically solvent. This proved to be true inside sense that after this creditors were paid in full, there was still four. 5 million Marks left over from the business.
Reports of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in a article that appeared in Germany's leading news publication, “Der Spiegel” on 15 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places recurring Spiegel article was highlighted by way of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s the front cover. It was strongly essential of Carl Borgward's enterprise approach, and included many from the arguments later advanced to explain or justify the businesses demise. The widest range involving cars from any manufacturer in Germany, produced by three until eventually recently operationally autonomous corporations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) was supporting a turnover involving only 650 million Represents, placing the overall sales value from the combined Borgward auto organizations only in fifth position among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence with an increasingly manic proliferation involving new and modified models featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovations ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") offered rise to components which excessively did not work, broke down or dropped apart, resulting in massive payments for pre-delivery remediation and/or post delivery warranty work that found their long ago to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article was not the only serious open public criticism targeting Borgward right now: suddenly stridently negative (in the event more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild newspapers and in television reviews. Critical media commentaries likewise appeared concerning large loans to the Borgward Group provided with the local Landesbank.It is apparent that the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties towards the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for example auto manufacturing use his or her expensive machines and tools most efficiently as long as they use them constantly from full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside the 1950s/60s was more temporary than today, with sales diminishing inside Winter, then peaking in the first summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars towards the end of 1960 was more than usual, reflecting ambitious growth programs, most obviously in respect of the us market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that with the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered because of the North American dealers throughout 1960 (and of the 12, 000 delivered to all of them) 6, 000 might have to become taken back following a slump in American demand. (Borgward was not the one European auto maker hit by way of a North American slump successful for imported cars through 1960. In the same season two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned last mid-Atlantic because the docks in Ny were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
Right at the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lender for a further one particular million Marks of credit rating, the loan to be backed by way of guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators decided to provide. However, following the flood of critical press comment your senators withdrew their guarantee. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the business itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported within a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the particular senate’s terms on several February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy of the business.The Bremen Senate furthermore insisted on appointing its nominee as chairman with the company’s supervisory board. The man they decided was Johannes Semler who reports generally describe to be a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated into English, does less than full justice on the breadth of Semler’s career. He had studied regulation at university and worked initially as a lawyer. The scion of a respected Hamburg political family, in 1945 he got himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU gathering, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 in addition to 1953. Despite his Hamburg roots, Semler was by this time around based in Munich, with a network of contacts from the Bavarian establishment that almost certainly included fellow CSU politician along with the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a top administrative position inside the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler for the reason that representative of the Bremen senators to be able to chair the Borgward supervisory aboard would, in retrospect, contribute to the dispute that followed the Borgward a bankruptcy proceeding.
About 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the particular supervisory board joined the directors from the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for your establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided to get a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business to continue to trade while while doing so protecting the interests regarding creditors. [16] Two months after, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath organizations were declared bankrupt, followed in November because of the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have suggested that Semler, for reasons of his or her own, never had any intent of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to help survive.
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