Borgward is usually an automobile manufacturer originally started by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen in Germany, ceased operations in this 1960s. The Borgward group developed four brands of cars and trucks: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has because been revived by Carl Borgward's grandson, Christian Borgward, together with his lover Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Far east investment, and unveiled the business's first new car throughout over 40 years, the BX7 at the actual 2015 International Motor Present.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back on 1905 with the business in nearby Varel with the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the foundation in Bremen itself of "Namag", maker of the Lloyd auto. These two businesses merged in 1914 to form the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial crisis then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and because of the late 1920s faced bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator of the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented the opportunity greatly to expand the scope of his automobile business, and he took control of it.
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The first "automobile" Carl Borgward developed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (turbo cart), a sort of small three-wheeled van with 2 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success already in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget ordered for delivery. The Reichspost ordered some of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the representative of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the oppertunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Corp. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had can't evolved into the nevertheless three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or maybe 7 hp Goliath Master. Borgward turned his attention to the other businesses as well as led the development on the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the new Hansa Borgward 2000 as well as in 1939 the brand was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was as well as the Borgward 2300that continued in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a few of the brand names from businesses he had acquired in recent times to found three distinct companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the amount of steel allocated to his business each time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the lenders would be run like a single entity, but in a business operated by the man to whom delegation wouldn't come naturally the proliferation of legal entities on the other hand added unhelpful layers of complexity with the 1950s and encouraged a broadening on the range which in the end proved financially unsustainable while using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company shown the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of the top engineers at Borgward via 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most popular model and remained in production for that life of the organization. In 1960 the Borgward P100 seemed to be introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a brand of 1500 cc sports racers inside late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these transforming into a successful Formula Two power unit (which has been also used by several F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties from the German market such since air suspension and automatic transmission, the company had trouble competing in the market. While larger companies including Opel and VW took good thing about economies of scale in addition to kept their prices low to get market share, Borgward's cost structure was even higher than necessary for its size, as it basically controlled as four tiny independent companies and don't implemented such basic price reduction strategies as mutual development and parts sharing between the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems as well. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced being a water-cooled boxer with entry wheel drive, but plagued with problems including water leakage and gearbox mistakes. Lloyd lost money on the car community . was more expensive in comparison with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pushed into liquidation by creditors. Carl Borgward died within July 1963, still insisting the company was technically solvent. This proved to be true within the sense that after this creditors were paid 100 %, there was still 4. 5 million Marks remaining from the business.
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Reports of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in the article that appeared throughout Germany's leading news publication, “Der Spiegel” on fourteen December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places similar Spiegel article was highlighted by using a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s front cover. It was strongly essential of Carl Borgward's enterprise approach, and included many with the arguments later advanced to describe or justify the firm's demise. The widest range regarding cars from any supplier in Germany, produced by three till recently operationally autonomous firms (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) ended up being supporting a turnover associated with only 650 million Signifies, placing the overall sales value in the combined Borgward auto firms only in fifth placement among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence by using an increasingly manic proliferation of new and modified types featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological enhancements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") offered rise to components which all too often did not work, broke down or fell into apart, resulting in massive charges for pre-delivery remediation and/or article delivery warranty work that found their made use of to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article was not the only serious open criticism targeting Borgward presently: suddenly stridently negative (in the event more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild paper and in television reports. Critical media commentaries furthermore appeared concerning large loans for the Borgward Group provided from the local Landesbank.It is apparent that the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses including auto manufacturing use their own expensive machines and tools most efficiently should they use them constantly on full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside the 1950s/60s was more seasons than today, with sales diminishing in Winter, then peaking in earlier summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars by the end of 1960 was greater than usual, reflecting ambitious growth plans, most obviously in respect of america market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that in the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered from the North American dealers inside 1960 (and with the 12, 000 delivered to these people) 6, 000 might have to get taken back following a slump in North american demand. (Borgward was not the only European auto maker hit with a North American slump in demand for imported cars throughout 1960. In the same yr two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned in mid-Atlantic because the docks in The big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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Right at the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the bank for a further one million Marks of credit ratings, the loan to be backed by a guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators opted for provide. However, following the flood associated with critical press comment the actual senators withdrew their assurance. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the corporation itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in a very still hostile media, Borgward agreed to this senate’s terms on 4 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy of the business.The Bremen Senate in addition insisted on appointing a unique nominee as chairman from the company’s supervisory board. The man they decided to go with was Johannes Semler to whom reports generally describe like a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in English, does less than full justice on the breadth of Semler’s occupation. He had studied rules at university and worked initially being a lawyer. The scion of a number one Hamburg political family, in 1945 he acquired himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU gathering, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 as well as 1953. Despite his Hamburg beginning, Semler was by this time based in Munich, with a network of contacts in the Bavarian establishment that probably included fellow CSU politician and the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a top administrative position in the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler as the representative of the Bremen senators to chair the Borgward supervisory aboard would, in retrospect, contribute to the debate that followed the Borgward chapter 7.
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With 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the particular supervisory board joined the directors with the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for any court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the company to continue to trade while as well protecting the interests regarding creditors. [16] Two months later on, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath businesses were declared bankrupt, followed in November because of the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have got suggested that Semler, for reasons of her own, never had any goal of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to survive.
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